Abstract

This study explored the development of a family collaborative learning process to promote career planning among adolescents in Thailand. Drawing on Kemmis and McTaggart’s (1990) action research framework, seven families—each with an adolescent aged 13–15—participated in a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting (PAOR). Literature was first reviewed to design research tools, which included (1) semi-structured interview guides and (2) field notes for the planning stage. Data was then collected during the acting phase through interviews and observations, while thematic content analysis was conducted during the reflection phase to identify key factors shaping the family learning process.

The findings highlight two major categories with five sub-themes influencing family collaborative learning. Internal factors included limited quality family time, communication that was often directive and brief, and parents’ good intentions without practical strategies. External factors reflected adolescents’ reliance on outside sources of information and the presence of generational or aspirational gaps.

Building on these insights, the study developed a framework that integrates the 3F principles—Focus Listening, Frame, and Facilitate—with the 4D cycle—Deep Reflect, Develop Together, Design the Map, and Drive and Evolve. Together, these approaches aim to shift parents’ roles from directive advisors toward facilitators of collaborative and reflective learning.

To support practical application, five tools were created to help families engage in career-related dialogue and shared decision-making: (1) family dialogue prompts, (2) MBTI-based activity, (3) Child’s Thought Checklist, (4) Family Learning Contract, and (5) a Family Journal template. These tools encourage parents and adolescents to co-create meaningful conversations, strengthen understanding, and align aspirations with realistic planning.

Overall, the study contributes to a structured yet flexible process that empowers families to learn together, bridge generational gaps, and guide adolescents toward more informed and collaborative career choices.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.