Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and Bio-Circular-Green Economy (BCG) in outdoor classroom activities. A mixed-methods research design using seven research instruments was employed in this study, including: 1) semi-structured questionnaires, 2) important learner competency assessment form, 3) learning activity plan, 4) satisfaction questionnaires, 5) observation form, 6) field note form, and 7) group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed through content interpretation. 6 steps of engineering design for STEM-BCG activities including 1) Problem identification step, 2) The stage of gathering information and ideas related to the problem, 3) The stage of designing a solution, 4) The stage of planning and executing the solution, 5) The stage of testing, evaluating, and improving solutions, and 6) the step of presenting the solution to the problem applied in Fun Water Tanker, Herbal Slurpee, Herbal Soap, and Herbal Compress activities. The results revealed that the overall competencies of learners were 4.22 ± 0.81 and the overall 21st century skills score was 4.25 ± 0.78. These results were at a good level.

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