Abstract

This paper examines the intricate intersection between particle physics and cosmology by presenting an innovative framework for understanding how neutron decay influences the evolution of the universe. By extending principles analogous to Einstein’s field equations for gravitational dynamics, the electric field equations proposed here illustrate how mass-energy distorts the fabric of spacetime. This distortion mirrors the curvature induced by gravitational fields and establishes a direct, interdependent relationship between electric and gravitational phenomena. Within this paradigm, the decay of a neutron into a proton is conceptualized as a localized perturbation within the cosmic fabric, producing universal effects that scale coherently from microcosmic particle interactions to the macrocosmic evolution of the cosmos.

Key findings reveal a notable alignment between neutron-decay dynamics and fundamental cosmological parameters, including the age of the universe, the Hubble constant, and the radius of the observable universe. The computed values—13.8 billion years, 70.783 km/s/Mpc, and 46.3 billion light-years—underscore the profound interplay between particle-level processes and cosmological expansion. The universe’s energy-density content is also evaluated, identifying contributions from dark energy (ΩΛ=0.709), total matter (Ωm=0.298), and curvature (Ωk=0.007).

The article further highlights interconnections between major cosmic horizons—specifically the Hubble horizon, the cosmic event horizon, the dark matter horizon, and the particle horizon—demonstrating how these boundaries are tied to the universe’s expansion and the emergence of large-scale structure. Certain energy relationships, particularly those linking neutron decay to the formation of cosmic structures, suggest a deeper, still-unexplored connection between particle physics and broader cosmological evolution.

In conclusion, this paper proposes a promising direction for future research by examining free-neutron decay at distinct stages of cosmic history, from the primordial formation of quarks to the emergence of protons. Such models may yield transformative insights into how fundamental particle interactions shape the universe’s origins and ongoing expansion.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.