Abstract

The construct of meaningful occupation remains conceptually underdeveloped in OT literature. Furthermore, while goal-setting is foundational to clinical outcomes, an overemphasis on goal-directed activity may inadvertently undermine present-moment engagement, limiting the conditions through which meaning in occupation emerges. This paper proposes the PEARL Model of Occupational Engagement as a conceptual model to further operationally define meaningful occupation by emphasizing the quality of engagement itself rather than outcomes. Drawing from OT philosophy, historical foundations, occupational science, and interdisciplinary literature on intrinsic motivation, this model outlines five interrelated constructs: presence, embodiment, alignment, reflection, and life integration, that operate synergistically to deepen engagement and meaning in occupation. The PEARL Model offers occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) a conceptual model to facilitate meaningful occupation by prioritizing present-moment engagement, with implications for strengthening professional identity, clarifying the meaning of occupation, and guiding intervention toward holistic occupational engagement that supports health and well-being.

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