The Role of Eco-Technologic Solutions in Designing Buildings based on Energy-Saving Approach

Today, along with the increase in population growth and rapid expansion of cities, the need for urban constructions for to social activities is inevitable. In this regard, though considering quantity and variety of construction to accelerate their exploitation is necessary, but saving energy in designing buildings should also be considered both in improving the quality of constructions, and increasing the life of buildings should be considered in designing and building, because the case in buildings increased costs. Eco-technologic is a concept in which designing a building is done by using the best modern technology of the world and following the principle of sustainable development covering the present and future needs in line with optimizing energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution. In other words Ecology seeks to avoid waste of energy. In this study it was tried to investigate the role of Eco-technologic solutions in designing buildings with the approach of energy-saving by the use of library resources with applied-qualitative research method.


Introduction
The growth of final energy consumption on one hand and the importance of conservation and optimal utilization of fossil fuels on the other hand, lead policy makers' attention to the issues of energy and new ways to manage energy consumption and energy-saving.Today, due to limited energy resources, the environmental pollution, and the security of providing energy, the efficient use of energy is one of the fundamental issues which both energy consumer countries and energy supplying countries are involved with it (Kocharyan et al., 2004).Today's human beings have been in due to disrupting the balance of life, getting away from nature and human values, lack of attention to environmental and indigenous factors, aggressive behavior and instrumental use of nature and see themselves encountering an uncertain and risky future.This issue has led to the gradual formation an approach called sustainable development.Sustainable process is a multi-dimensional flow that with improving the economic situation and the general welfare, along with social justice, is away from environmental and ecologic destructive effects as well as social abnormalities and while supports the needs of the present generation, it keeps the capacity and facilities to fulfill the needs of the future generation.In recent decades, various views and sometimes close to each other were formed under the approach of sustainable architecture through the effect of sustainable development that with the environmental, economic and social goals tries to offer solutions which provide superior quality for present generation and proper heritage for the future (Ghorbani & Eskandari, 2009).
This study investigates one of the perspectives named eco-technologic considering the use of high technology given the environmental considerations.This approach is new and involves a wide spectrum of buildings and related attempts and utilizes the principles including energy productivity, optimal use of materials and resources, effectiveness, smart design, high technology at the service of sustainability, reducing the costs, increasing the life of the buildings, coolness, warmness, static light, flexibility, reducing the environmental pollutions, proper relationship with cities etc. Eco-technologic has special emphasis on the energy themes, materials and resources, productivity, environmental superior technology, reducing costs, increasing the life of the building, smart design (Ghorbani & Eskandari, 2009).Eco-technologic architecture, regards architecture as a living organ to provide the environment for human life as another living organism and in this way respect the identity of the built environmental space and although it apparently has the most advanced design techniques, it is closely related to the principles of traditional architecture.In this respect, to make a live organic architecture and the beginning to respond the needs and the atmosphere of the today's society a review and deep understanding of traditional architecture can be started then after understanding it, contemporary expression of language can be interpreted (Nikfetrat & Davoodi, 2013).In the era of modern architecture, energy consumption was diagnosed as a negligible issue and reuse of energy was not a major issue.But today, architects have the responsibility and design opportunity to reduce energy and their responsibilities get much more; because, construction affects the lives.Therefore, the architecture which maintains energy can be more pleasant, sustainable and elegance.This architecture can be less expensive than conventional architecture.Operating costs comes down and due to reducing the need for heating and cooling facilities the initial cost is decrease (Kocharyan et al., 2004).For this reason, this study with the aim to find solutions to reduce energy consumption in buildings with applied and qualitative method investigates the role of Eco-technologic solutions in designing buildings with the approach of energy-saving.

Energy Consumption in Buildings
During recent decades one of the most important global challenges was energy crisis that over the past two centuries, the industry can be considered as the most important achievement of the modern age that due to lack of awareness and understanding of different dimensions of the industry by consumption-oriented society has caused negative consequences such as global warming and depleting energy resources and increasing pollution through excessive use of fossil fuels and caused irreparable impacts to the environment; therefore, authorities seek ways to save energy and the appropriate use of energy and introducing the need to use renewable and sustainable energy (solar, water, wind, etc.) as a suitable alternative.Since the buildings' form has a significant impact on their energy consumption, environmental potentials should be used in order to save energy and enhance the quality and comfort of residential environment and make the environment healthy through correct forms in designing buildings.Therefore, all designing projects should use the environment as a play to reduce or eliminate the need to fossil energy (Jafarzadeh & Khoshnevis, 2015).
One of the most important ways to reduce energy consumption in recent years and has been of interest to many countries is to develop standards for energy consumption in buildings according to architectural plans and specifications of the materials used in construction.Building energy consumption is very high in the world.The buildings sector consumes 48 percent of the energy, 40% for buildings and 8% for the construction phase.This energy is produced from fossil fuels and the carbon dioxide and is the main cause of global warming.The unclean energy should be replaced by clean, renewable energy like wind, solar and biomass (Qobadian & Feiz-Mahdavi, 2010).
Table 1.Energy consumption of buildings (Nasrollahi, 2011) Reducing the buildings energy consumption The  In the new styles called echo -Tech (Ecology + Technology), Technology is not against nature but along and in parallel with nature to exploit more of the environmental resources and human welfare.In the recent work of the architects of this style, there is always a cross section of the building along with beautiful pictures of their buildings, in which the way to use climatic factors with the help of equipment such as smokestacks, reflective mirrors, smart shells, greenhouses, glass stairs and heat exchangers are shown.The form of the building in the cross section was also designed considering the angle of solar radiation and wind speed and direction in different seasons (Qobadian, 2003).Designing in the style is based on the issue that building is a small part of the surrounding environment and should act as part of the ecosystem and placed in the life cycle.Eco-technologic architecture is a popular design and the quality of interior spaces is of particular importance (Aryanpour, Kameli, 2013).
Undoubtedly, high quality regardless of the nature of space and ventilation systems and the proper exposure is not provided.In addition, what is considered as a phenomenon from sustainability and the building survival itself, construction with high quality and using the materials with long-term survival should also be considered.To achieve such conditions the efficient management and use of the latest technologies should be regarded.Achieving high standards of quality, safety and welfare that actually provides human health is an important objective of Eco-technologic (Qobadian, 2003).Eco-technologic architects call the building shell as a second skin.The purpose of the first skin is the skin of the human body.Second skin like the first skin reacts against cold, heat, moisture and air.Some of the buildings' shell also shows appropriate response to the environmental conditions in different seasons.Using double glass, blinds and moving insulation materials, things such as the sun, shade, air drafts and heat loss are controlled by a computer system during the night and the day and during the cold and hot seasons of the year.Rogers named the buildings as a chameleon which adapts itself to different environmental conditions in order to meet the needs of the residents of the building and most efficient use of energy.Rogers writes about the future buildings as follow: Future buildings are linked dynamically with the surrounding climate; in architecture, microelectronics hidden from the eyes and biotechnology will replace mechanical systems; buildings, the city and its people as an integral organic system are placed in moving and changing context designed precisely and perfectly.Instead of beams, columns and panels and other structural elements, a continuous and interconnected shell will be replaced.The moving robot, using electronic and biotechnological systems, will have many of the characteristics of living organisms.(Ghorbani, Eskandari, 2009).

Reducing the Buildings Energy Consumption with Eco-Technologic Architectural Design
Reducing the building energy consumption is not done only through the use of appropriate materials and building installations, But with an architectural and urban design appropriate with the climate, buildings energy consumption can be reduced.Architectural and urban design has high effect on the energy consumption of buildings.The potential of the savings is very high in some areas of climate in Iran and this method of energy-efficiency is cost-free.Due to economic, social and cultural conditions, inexpensive ways to reduce the energy consumption in buildings is of particular importance.One of the low or even no cost ways to reduce energy consumption in buildings is urban planning and architecture approach reducing energy consumption, and are better than other methods both economically and environmentally.Energy efficiency and urban planning and architecture are easily accessible to its practical functionality is very high.
Developing regulations of architecture and urban planning to reduce energy consumption in buildings and neighborhoods' units could be a major reduction in energy consumption of residential complexes and buildings without increasing the cost and construction of the buildings (Nasrollahi, 2011).In the description of the importance of saving energy in architecture, this may be enough that energy conscious design of buildings does not need expensive, dirty and irreversible energy.Due to the fact that global warming is completely resulted in an increase in energy consumption, the first important issue of architectural design is that in order to protect the quality of life on earth, eco-technologic design should be used.One reason is that it leads us to take advantage of solar cells, active heating (hot water) passive heating (space heating) lighting and shadows.Therefore, shading is contrary to collect solar energy.This is one of the most important strategies of the solar energy design because it can reduce air conditioning costs so much (Jafarzadeh, Khoshnevis, 2015).energy and materials with the least possible damage to free resources, water, land and air (Rezaei, Shadpour, 2014).Table 4. Building design criteria with the approach of eco-technologic (Safari and Malek Mahmoudi, 2011;Shahosseini and Gholhaki, 2008;Azariyun, Hassanzadeh and Pesteh, 2005) In general, natural building materials are healthier than other building materials.The problem is that the lack of technical efficiency of organic materials often affects the products produced by architects.Although traditional materials, partly due to poor performance and shape have been neglected, but are often re-considered as a result of their definitive health.Of course they have been popular again and new technologies were developed to use them in new ways.

Healthy materials
One of the criteria for construction with eco-technologic approach is to consider the climatic design of each region.It is clear that the materials used in a humid climate, cannot be used in the hot and dry climate and more importantly, the materials are the result of the evolution of human knowledge about the compatibility of life in nature.

Conformity with climate
Finding a suitable place for the construction is another construction criterion in eco-technologic style.In order to construct a sustainable building proximity and privacy should be checked.Also the use of inefficient equipment in a building to produce clean energy causes high initial cost and efficiency loses.

Proper positioning
The architect is responsible to design buildings and in order to show the approach of eco-technologic everywhere in the building, a proper map is needed which in addition to following the aesthetic points, has the maximum utilization of available energy on the site.Moreover, the facilities should be used in designing which have the least energy loses and leaks.

Proper design of the building
Another design compatible with the nature criteria is façade design inspired by nature.A construction makes human think of the elements of the nature can be regarded a kind of making culture.

Design compatible with nature
Recognizing the society is one of the responsibilities of an architect.According to the use needed for projects, the elements and components of design are formed.For example, if the purpose is to design a school with the approach of eco-technologic, the school should be designed so that in addition to saving energy and minimizing environmental pollutions, it should have educational approach.Unconventional sun shading should also be prevented because in summer and winter, engage people with problems such as lack of balance in temperature and makes it unusable.

Recognition of the society
Another criterion for a suitable design is to consider the users' culture.The building design should be in such a way that contrary to the beliefs, religion and ethnicity does not appear.

Considering the culture
Recyclable materials and their re-use will help to conserve natural resources.Also materials such as wood which is biodegradable reduce construction waste.
The use of materials compatible with nature Since Iran is a sunny country, maximum use of this source can be achieved using solar cells.Also, wind energy in areas that are windy, can be used.Also, by creating heating and cooling systems from the floor using energy from solar panels pleasant temperature can be provided to the environment.

The use of renewable energy sources
One of the most important reasons to be infected to psychological and mental diseases is to be away from nature due to industrialization.In buildings with eco-technologic approach, this mutual relationship should be effectively felt.Using natural ventilation is one of the ways.Considering the prevailing wind direction, suitable natural ventilation can be provided for the residents of the building.Also considering yard performance in buildings, can help it.Using appropriate green space in terms of thickness and type, many adjacent problems, air pollution and noise pollution can be reduced.Green roof and green wall is a perfect example of this point.

Maintaining mutual interaction with nature
Unfortunately, due to unprincipled constructions in different areas, every year damages to the buildings of the monuments due to natural and man-made causes are seen.Among natural causes, natural disasters such as earthquakes can be mentioned. Figure

Table 3 .
Reducing buildings energy consumption through eco-technologic architectural design(Nasrollahi, , reducing the environmental pollutions, proper relationship with cities etc. in line with eco-technologic solutions to save energy in buildings it is possible to apply techniques such as considering the orientation and structure of the building based on the climate and external environment, creation of small ideal climate, static coolness, warmness and lightening, smart control of elements and components in different hours of a day and seasons of the year, combination of green space and life space, keeping and developing perspectives, analyzing the building's behaviors, smart utilization of thermal mass, smart shells, ventilation chimneys, creating a greenhouse, double-glass windows, shutters and thermal isolation, the development of combined efficiency, maximum use of space etc.