Anthropometry and Ergonomic of Bale Sakenem ( Case Study : Central Singapadu Village , Gianyar )

The Bale Sakenem is one of the buildings located within the Balinese traditional house setting. The development and transformation of the Sakenem bale house are influenced by many factors including high demand, lack of qualified labor, time and work management system resulting in high intervention of Balinese builders (Undagi) on the implementation of the Bale Sakenem development. This research is an observational research using cross-sectional design. The study measures a sample of "Sakenem" house bale that measures in accordance with anthropometry from homeowners. The sample of the people in this study were Owners/home users who owned the Bale "Sakenem" House that met the inclusion criteria. Samples were randomly selected using cluster random sampling method. The results of this second-year study showed that 55% of the sample of people were comfortable with the high suitability of their own "sakenem" bale house structure while 81% of the sample people felt better comfort against the bale-bale of bale "sakenem" intervention house. The convenience of high listplank also known that as many as 66% comfort felt from the high listplank house bale "sakenem" intervention. And as many as 52% chose comfort and suitability of high sakenem "sakenem" saka house height which only slightly comparison with high saka bale "sakenem" control i.e. 48%. The height of the bale "sakenem" intervention is 76 cm and the average height from waist to toe of the user of bale "sakenem" house in the village of Singapadu Tengah Gianyar is 75.75 cm which means that the height of the rod indicates the height which is not ideal and cause inconvenience. The height of bale-bale from bale house "sakenem" is 67 cm and the average height from waist to tip of user heel bale "sakenem" in the village of Singapadu Tengah Gianyar is 75.75 cm which can be analyzed that the user can easily rise to the top of balebale and create comfort and security. High saka in bale house "sakenem" that is 195 cm and the average height of bale house owner "sakenem" measured from the tip of the head to the tip of the heel is 165.45 cm which means that the height of saka is still included in the criteria of comfort.


Introduction
Research on architecture, humans and the environment is an interesting association for continuous research.Similarly, Bali Architecture is closely related to user and the surrounding environment.The result of Parwata (2011) study stated that the development of traditional Balinese home innovation is still based on the anthropometry of the Balinese as the house user, so that the user's suitability and convenience can be felt.
The size of the existing house in several banjars in the village of Singapadu Tengah, Gianyar is still based on the ownership of AYDs land.This village's wasteland is a piece of land given by the local adat village where its residents live, the size of which is determined by the color level (caste), position and dadia (family groups / communities in the number of families) and can be used for generations according to the prevailing village rules.
Generally, the house "sakenem" is owned by citizens of sudra caste, according to the size of the land given by the adat village.Each of the residents in the land has responsibilities for their customary villages such as: participating in a house and maintaining public houses owned by the village, preparing ceremonies related to customary activities and some activities that must be obeyed by the people.Residents who own houses "sakenem" is certainly the size of the land is narrower than people who have houses "sakutus" or "sakaroras".And if forced to build the house "sakutus" or "sakaroras" in the yard, then the layout and spatial arrangement of the house more crowded, uncomfortable and even shifting values on layout and spatial arrangement in Balinese architecture.

Bale Dangin House Form
Bale Dangin is a house whose position is located on the east side of a traditional residence in Bali.Bale Dangin house form of rectangular or rectangular.Bale Dangin house consisting of 6 poles (Saka) is called Bale "Sakenem".
Because the house Bale "Sakenem" is located in the eastern (dangin) natah umah, so this house is also often called Bale Dangin or Bale Gede.The main function of this house is the place of the ceremony.In some homes in the village of Singapadu Tengah, bale house "Sakenem" in addition functioned as a place of ceremony manusa yadnya, it is also used as a bed, especially for older family members like grandparents.The number of household members, the family income, and household type influenced the transformation of Bale Sakenem house (Sueca, 2003).
Based on observations in the village of Singapadu Tengah, often the existing Bale Sakenem house has not considered the size (anthropometry) of the user.The result is the size of the house is too high, so users feel less safe and comfortable when using.The high house of Bale Sakenem can be seen from the size of stairs, Bataran, Bale-bale and pole (Saka).

Anthropometry and Applications in Bale House "Sakenem"
Anthropometry comes from the word "anthro" which means man and "metri" which means size.Definitively anthropometry is a study related to the measurement of the dimensions of the human body.Anthropometry plays an important role in the field of industrial design, clothing design, ergonomics, and architecture.In these fields, statistical data on the distribution of body dimensions of a population are required to produce the optimal product.Changes in everyday lifestyles, nutrients and ethnic composition of society can make changes in the distribution of body size.
Anthropometry with physical characteristics of the human body, shape and strength and application of the data for handling design problems.Anthropometry can also be used as ergonomic considerations that require human interaction.The anthropometric data that have been obtained can be applied to the case (Wignjosoebroto, 2003): 1) Work area design (workstation, car interior) 2) Designing work equipment (machine, tooling) 3) Designing consumer products (clothes, chairs, computer desk) 4) Designing the physical work environment

Method
This research is an observational research using cross-sectional design.The study was conducted by retrospective observational i.e. assessing the factors that could influence the anthropometry of Bale House "Sakenem".Having known factors that could affect the anthropometry of Bale House "Sakenem", the study continued by conducting pre-experimental research with one group pre-post-test design approach.The design of one group proposes test design is a design that reveals causal relationships by involving a group of subjects from a sample.Subject groups will be observed prior to intervention and observed again after intervention (Nursalam, 2008).In this study, researchers measured bale samples of "Sakenem" houses that were in accordance with the anthropometry of homeowners.The sample of the people in this study were Owners/home users who owned the Bale "Sakenem" House that met the inclusion criteria.Samples were randomly selected using cluster random sampling method.This sampling technique is carried out on a sampling unit, where the sampling unit consists of one cluster.Each item (individual) within the selected group will be taken as a sample.The sample of the selected person assesses the convenience of the "Sakenem" house bale sample that measures in accordance with the anthropometry of its users.

Level of Comfort House Bale "Sakenem" Intervention and Control
Comfort Level of House Bale "Sakenem" assessed by research instrument that is questionnaire of comfort level appraisal.This study analyzed the comparison of bale "sakenem" house comfort by requesting a sample of people comparing the comfort level of bale house "sakenem" with bale house "sakenem" hers.And after the comfort level is felt by a sample of people then the next sample of people asked to compare the comfort level of bale house "sakenem" intervention with bale house "sakenem" own.
Based on the assessment of the comfort level of bale house "sakenem", the following results are obtained: Based on the diagram above, it can be seen that as many as 55% are more comfortable with the high suitability of their own "sakenem" bale house.High-impact comforts are assessed by assessing whether they are comfortable when they are grounded and when they go up and down through the rocks.The bale of the bale house "sakenem" intervention tends to be less comfortable when compared to the bale of the bale house "sakenem" belonging to a sample of people.
From the figure above, it can also be seen that as many as 81% of the sample people feel better comfort against the bale-bale of the bale house "sakenem" intervention.Measurement of comfort to the bale-bale done by doing up and down activities and sitting on the bale-bale.
The convenience of high listplank can also be known based on the picture above, that is as much as 66% comfort felt from the high listplank house bale "sakenem" intervention.The convenience of high listplank is known by grabbing listplank and feel the comfort of high listplank.In the measurement of comfort is also seen whether the sample of people has to tiptoe in reaching listplank.If the sample of people able to reach listplank without tiptoe, then it can be categorized that the listplank is appropriate and comfortable.
Based on the figure above can be seen also that as much as 52% who chose the comfort and suitability of high saka house bale "sakenem" intervention that only slightly comparison with high saka house bale "sakenem" control that is 48%.Comfort and suitability of saka height are measured by user's "rai" and compared to the height of the saka.Another way to measure the comfort of saka height is by measuring the height of the sample of the person and then compared with the height of saka.

Comparative Analysis of Antecomputer Size of Bale House Users "Sakenem" with Bale House "Sakenem" Intervention
Anthropometric measurements can be used as ergonomic considerations that require human interaction.House

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Figure 8 .
Figure 8.The Chart that Describes about The Comfort Assessment of Bale "Sakenem" House Intervention compared with Controls Figure 9. T Figure 10

Bale "Sake with High ouse
(staircase, bale-bale, high saka, and overstek) follow anthropometry and user comfort.Bale Sakenem house is more proportional to the size of the user or owner.Bale Sakenem house has more positive vibration.The negative sides are Undagi (builder of Bale Sakenem) should spend time carefully measuring the anthropometry of users or house owners.