Evaluation of a Retrieved Pyrolithic Reactor to Be Used in Small Farms

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the energy efficiency of a small Generator Motor Group (GMG), driven by internal combustion (fueled with water and gasoline), using pyrolytic reactor technology (GEET). In order to achieve this, the pyrolytic reactor was designed and built, so that when in operation, it obtains extra energy necessary for the pyrolysis process from the thermal energy produced by the combustion of the exhaust gases. In order to determine the efficiency of the small GMG, in conjunction with the GEET, two experiments were carried out: the first one was characterized by the operation and use of the GMG equipped with a carburetor, and when in use it used only ordinary gasoline as fuel. The second experiment was characterized by the insertion of the pyrolytic reactor, which allowed the motor generator group, when in operation, to use water and gasoline as fuel, according to the proportions defined in the methodology. It was possible to verify that the engine, when reaching the voltage near the nominal (115Vac), for the same type and value of load fed, the GEET device presented, during the tests, high and low efficiency results, showing that the experiment is promising, but requires more work and more investigations for correct evaluation of the phenomena observed.


Introduction
Global energy consumption has nearly doubled in the last three decades.In the United States alone, the increase was around 35%.It is estimated that over the next 20 years, energy consumption is expected to rise at nearly a 100% rate in developing countries.This increase in energy is also occurring in rural areas, due to the implantation of several kinds of agroindustries, which aim to benefit and transform agricultural raw materials into final products with higher commercial value.In many small farms located in Brazil, it is very common the use of Motor Generator Groups (GMG).In this context, a possible solution for improving the efficiency of this energy generation would be using the GMG-with fossil (gasoline) or renewable (ethanol) hydrocarbons-associated with water, as an adjunct fuel element, through the use of the pyrolytic reactor feedback (GEET-Global Environmental Energy Technology) (Hinriches, Kleinback, & Reis, 2010;Lovins, 2013).This reactor, during the process of burning the fuel, provides pressure and temperature to the water, breaking its molecule in its fundamental elements: Hydrogen and Oxygen, fuel and oxidizer, in a process of feedback, allowing the burning of the Hydrogen gas along with the conventional fuel (gasoline).The process has the following advantages: a) emission reduction of pollutants, b) lower global warming of the engine, c) increased efficiency of the lubrication system, with consequent increase in the functional durability of the lubricating oil and the internal combustion engine, mainly, d) reduction in fuel consumption (gasoline), for the same work (Martz, 2001;Naudin, 2005).
The general aim of this study was to evaluate the energy efficiency of a GEET device using in a small generator set.Comparison tests of the energy consumption were carried out between the conventional carbureted system and the proposed system.jas.ccsenet.

Internal c technologi aeronautic movement
In the case speeds (Ho as their ch direction a (Figure 1).The ignitio chamber to required to measure the levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions, as well as other compounds in the exhaust process of the engines, the presence, especially of hydrocarbons in the exhaust, indicates that a part of the gasoline passed through the motor cycle without igniting.However, there may be another situation due to the lack of atmospheric air with adequate concentrations of oxygen, giving the conditions to the appearance of incomplete combustion (or burning), having CO as a byproduct instead of CO 2 .

Carbur
The engine temperature is an important parameter to the correct operation of the engine.An appropriately regulated engine ensures that full combustion is maximized, it also limits CO emissions, and improves gasoline fuel consumption per kilometer.

Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis represents a decomposition reaction by means of heat.In industry, this method is called calcination.It is possible to produce products through this process, such as bio-oil or pyrolytic tar, as well as charcoal, which can be regarded as alternative fuels.
From the pyrolysis of some petroleum refining residues, it is possible to (benefit from them almost entirely) take advantage of them almost in their entirety, resulting in great savings.In this case, the process is also called cracking, where the long chain molecules are broken down into smaller molecules (Fogaça, 2016).

Pyrolytic Reactor
The chemical reactor, called the pyrolytic reactor, is the main device applied in the process of industrial pyrolysis.It has three specific areas, namely: drying zone, pyrolysis zone and cooling zone (Fogaça, 2016).The case of water dissociation, by temperature, occurs in two phases (Expressions 1 and 2): According to (Naudin, 2005;Munsey, 2016), the multi-fuel processor is a new technology, attributed to Paul Pantone.The system enables common 4-stroke engines to run on water/hydrocarbon blends, more accurately described as water/gasoline.Under certain conditions of (a specific) regulation of the device and engine, as it is explained (Naudin, 2005), in an Otto cycle engine, all types of fuels are allowed to be burned: petrol, diesel, kerosene, other crude petroleum oils, derived from hydrocarbons, using the multi-fuel processor, which is characterized as an endothermic plasma reactor.
The multi-fuel processor also allows a significant reduction of the pollution generated by the exhaust gas (about 85%) compared to a conventional motor (Martz, 2001;Naudin, 2005).
Preliminary tests conducted by industry professionals and other researchers (Martz, 2001;Naudin, 2005) have demonstrated that it is possible to make an internal combustion engine (Otto or Diesel cycle), equipped as the Paul Pantone multi-fuel processor, work properly with a mixture of hydrocarbons (gasoline) at 20% and water at 80%.
The multi-fuel processor consists basically of three main parts (Naudin, 2005): the connection inlet/exhaust systems, the endothermic reactor (with the magnetic rod and the pyrolytic chamber), and the bubbler.According to (Naudin, 2005), after the installation of the multi-fuel processor (or endothermic plasma reactor), the carburetor and conventional silencer (and catalyst) are no longer required.
In Figure 5, it is possible to observe the schematic drawing of the multi-fuel processor proposed by (Naudin, 2005).The flow of hot gas from the engine exhaust flows through the outside of the reactor (between the inner wall of the outer tube or cylinder) with a strong kinetic energy, which contributes to raise the temperature very high in the steel bar-which in this case, acts as a heat accumulator contained in the pyrolytic chamber.
The gases from exhaust, due to burning fuel/oxidizing, internal to the cylinder of the engine, are guided by external pipelines to the reactor (hydraulic flexible hose of 1/2, for high pressure and high temperature with stainless steel mesh) and penetrate in the bubbler, containing the water/hydrocarbon mixture.The vapor of the mixture, in turn, is strongly drawn by the vacuum created by the inlet of the engine (opening of the intake valve and vacuum caused by the downward movement of the piston in the combustion chamber), and is pushed by the pressure from the exhaust.The kinetic energy of steam is considerably increased by the reduction of the diameter on the pyrolytic chamber, which features a circular cross section area of approximately 43.4 mm 2 .This combined effect of high temperature and increasing kinetic energy of decomposition produces a thermochemical (molecular breakdown) from the mixing of water/hydrocarbons, making it possible to obtain higher yielding fuel.

Equipment Used for Performing the Tests
For the realization of the tests were used the following equipment (FAG and UNIOESTE):

Scenario 1: Original Carburetor Test
The first scenario was characterized by the use of the original carburetor (without the filter support, to determine the correct positions of the choke butterfly), as well as gasoline (73% pure gasoline/27% anhydrous alcohol), additive not (ANP, 2016).
Before each test, the following reference data were recorded:     G with Load-M r of a GMG, w f the conventio all instabilities higher load v fuel per kW ge d with GEET-P erified.In the rized system, slightly below s test.In this O 2 and total non btained.

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Figure 9. S