Quality of Yellow Bell Pepper Fruits Cultivated in Fertilized Soil with Yellow Water and Cassava Wastewater

Currently there is a great need for reuse of water in agricultural activity, aiming at reducing environmental impacts and production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruit production of hybrid Satrapo bell pepper, under fertilization with yellow water and cassava wastewater. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at Campina Grande city, PB. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eight treatments and five replications, totaling 40 experimental plots. The treatments were characterized by fertilization with cattle manure (EB); NPK; human urine (HU); cassava wastewater (M); cassava wastewater and human urine (UH+M); the double volume of human urine (2xUH); the double volume of cassava wastewater (2xM); and the double volume of human urine and cassava wastewater (2xUH+M). At 60 day after transplanting (DAT) were evaluated the diameter, thickness of mesocarp, fresh and dry phytomass and number of lobes of yellow bell pepper fruits.According to the results, there were significant differences in the variables analyzed due to the treatments applied. The treatment corresponding to 2xM provided the highest results for length, diameter, thickness of the mesocarp, fresh and dry phytomass of the bell pepper fruits. On the contrary, 2xUH was the treatment that provided the lowest values for these variables and provided the highest number of lobes.


Introduction
The bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is among the main vegetables grown in Brazil, it is a food with high nutritional value, source of several vitamins, such as A, C and E, medicinal characteristic due to the high content of antioxidant properties (Tanwar et al., 2013).
Among the characteristics of the bell pepper fruit, considered extremely important for commercialization, the length and diameter stand out (Blat et al., 2007).These characteristics are still important in defining the shape of these fruits that it's fundamental to determine the group to which they belong whether conical, rectangular or square.
Agricultural production and agribusiness represents activities with significant negative environmental impact by the generation and production of inorganic wastes commonly used in this environment, as is the case of chemical fertilizers, which since its manufacture already negatively impact the environment by the emission of POP's (Persistent Organic Pollutants).Thus it is essential to search for alternative production systems that minimize these damages.According to Bertoncini (2014), the reuse of waste in agriculture has become a viable practice to bring varied environmental benefits by the exploration of organic material, the return of biogeochemical elements to their respective cycles, and the reduction of costs with industrialized fertilizers, which are generally imported.
The knowledge that wastewater treatment is vital to public health and conservation of water sources it has contributed to the development of treatment technologies, especially in developed countries (Costa et al., 2009).
According to TERA (2014), the reuse of water is based on the reutilization of water after satisfy its initial function.There is a high generation of various types of wastewater that can be reused in agriculture, such as cassava wastewater and human urine.
According to Duarte et al. (2012), the cassava wastewater is a liquid residue resultant from process for the manufacture of flour and extraction of cassava starch (Manihot esculenta) presenting high levels of sugars, starches, proteins, linamarin and salts, among other substances.According to Cardoso et al. (2009) this is a residue extremely prejudicial to the environment when disposed inappropriately, however, its use as a biofertilizer in agriculture becomes possible because it has considerable amounts of macro and micronutrients.
The yellow waters, in turn, also have promising potential as an agricultural biofertilizer due to the high concentration of nutrients as, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and may complement or even replace industrialized fertilizers nitrogenous commonly used in agricultural production (Vinnerås et al., 2008).
Although the polluting characteristics, the use of wastewater in agricultural areas has been pointed as an alternative to the environment and producer.The utilization of wastewater in fertirrigation of agricultural crops can increase productivity and quality of harvested products, reducing environmental pollution and production costs, and improving the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil (Matos, 2007).
Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate hybrid yellow bell pepperfruits Satrapo (Capsicum Annuum L.) production cultivated under protected environment and submitted to fertilization with yellow water and cassava wastewater.

Material and Methods
The experiment was conducted between October and December 2016 under protected environment on Campus I of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), in the city of Campina Grande-PB (7°13′50″S; 35°52′52″W and 551 m a.s.l.).The greenhouse had the dimensions of 32 m long and 20 m wide, with an area of 640 m 2 , with a metallic structure, being of the covering and arch type, covered with low density polyethylene of 150 μm and sides covered with a shading screen with a protection index of 80%.
To record the maximum, minimum and relative air humidity inside the greenhouse a digital thermohygrograph was used, data collected occurred every day in the morning at nine o'clock.
The Figure 1 shows the values of the maximum and minimum air temperature and air relative humidity inside the greenhouse for the first 15 days after starting the fruiting stage.The experimental units were composed of 20 L polyethylene pots placed at a height of 0.5 m from the ground level, distributed in rows arranged at 0.5 m distance and line spaced at 1 m.
Each pot was drilled at its base for the introduction of a 0.15 m long and 6 mm drain, where a PET bottle with 2 L capacity was coupled, through which recirculation of percolated effluent was performed.
The pots were filled in their base with a layer of 0.6 kg of gravel number 0 and 15 kg of clay-loam soil coming from Esperança city, PB.The soil was fragmented and sieved in a 4 mm mesh screen and subsequently submitted to the physical-chemical analysis.The soil characteristics are presented in Table 1.
The cattle manure used in the fertilization came from the experimental station of the National Institute of the Semi-Arid (INSA), Table 1.
Table 1.Physical and chemical characterization of the soil and cattle manure used in the experiment  The chemical fertilization was performed using urea (45% of N) as a source of nitrogen, of simple superphosphate (60% P 2 O 5 ) as a source of phosphorus and potassium chloride (60% KCl) as a source of potassium.
The human urine was collected in three residences and submitted to an anaerobic treatment, being stored in a plastic container with a capacity of 20 L kept hermetically closed for a period of 60 days, thus increasing the pH and, consequently, the inactivation of possible pathogens present in the effluent.
The cassava wastewater was also submitted to anaerobic digestion treatment, where it remained for a period of 60 days in a closed plastic container with a capacity of 85 liters.An empty space of 10 cm was left inside, and a hose was installed on the lid of the bucket with the other end dipped in a container with water at a height of 10 cm, for the exit of the gases generated during the biodigestion of the effluent.
After the preparation of the experimental units were applied the treatments in each pot.The dose of EB was related to 40 t ha -1 , considering a N mineralization rate of around 50%, according to Ribeiro et al. (1999); the mineral fertilization with NPK corresponded to 5 g of N, 23.8 g of P, and 3.8 g of K, according to the recommendations of Novais et al. (1991); for the UH application was used 170 mL of the same, equivalent to 24.06 m 3 ha -1 ; the dose of M was 570 mL corresponding to 80.67 m 3 ha -1 ; for UH+M was used 170 mL of human urine + 570 mL of cassava wastewater corresponding to 104.73 m 3 ha -1 ; the dose of (2xUH) was 340 mL of human urine, equivalent to 48.12 m 3 ha -1 ; already for the application of (2xM) the volume of 1140 mL of cassava

For the ev circulation
The result probability 2016).

Results
In Figure 2

Table 2 .
Physical-chemical characterization of treated cassava wastewater and treated human urine