Processes in Bahasa Indonesia Tourism Promotion Texts and Its Equivalence in English : A Systemic Functional Linguistic Study

Many researchers do research on processes in English but it is still limited research on Bahasa Indonesia and its equivalence in English. It is necessary to do research processes in Bahasa Indonesia since it has two different types of clauses: verbal clauses and nonverbal clauses. This paper tries to figure out the processes on Bahasa Indonesia, especially on Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English. The aims of the research are to describe the dominant of the processes found in the Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and to describe the verb used in each type of the processes and its equivalence in English. The research method employed in the research is descriptive method. The data collected are divided into major types of clauses: verbal clauses and nonverbal clauses. The data analyzed are the verbal clauses in Bahasa Indonesia since the verb as the main part of process then compared to its equivalence in English. The result of the research shows there are four types of processes found in both Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence: material, relational, mental, and existential processes. The dominant process found is material processes 51.7%, followed by relational processes 21.9%, mental process 18.5%, and existential process7.9%. The participants involved are: agent and goal (material process), carrier and attribute (relational process), experiencer and phenomenon (mental process), and existent (existential process). The verbs used in material process in Bahasa Indonesia are tenggelam, berkunjung mencari, dipadu, akan menemani, menyajikan, menjanjikan memberikan, menyimpan, menyuguhkan, memanjakan, berlabuh, menutup, melancong, membentuk, memberi, dapat membeli, memecah, dapat memesan, menyediakan, terabaikan, dapat ditempuh, dikirimkan, dilakukan, digunakan while its equivalence in English are set, visit to look for, were combined, will accompany, serve, promise to give, put, serve, spoil, anchor, can close, visit, shape, give, can buy, break, can order, serve, was ignored, can be through, were sent, can be done, is used. The relational process in Bahasa Indonesia are adalah, berasal dari, memiliki, mempunyai, mengandung, bisa menjadi, tampak, menyerupai, merupakan, berada, terletak, berlokasi and its equivalence in English are is, comes from, have, contain, can become, seem, like, become, is, is located. The mental process in Bahasa Indonesia are dapat menikmati, terpukau, melihat, terdengar and its equivalence in English are can enjoy, will be mesmerized, can see, heard. The existential processes in Bahasa Indonesia are ada, terdapat, tersedia, and its equivalence in English is be.


Introduction
Bahasa Indonesia is one of the Austronesia languages.It is spoken by about 250 million Indonesia people since it is used as the official language in Indonesia.
Bahasa Indonesia is different from English.In English, every clause has a verb and it happens to other European languages.In Bahasa Indonesia, there are two types of clauses: verbal clauses and nonverbal clauses.Similar to English, the verbal clause has a predicate containing a verb while the nonverbal clause has a predicate containing a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
According to Martin, Matthiessen, & Painter "Functional grammar is a way of looking at grammar in terms of how grammar is used" (1997).In line with Halliday (1985) in his well-known book "An Introduction to Functional Grammar" and Bloor & Bloor (2004) introduced the three types of clauses: clause as message, clause as exchange, and clause as representation.The clause as message is about theme and rheme, while the clause as exchange is about mood and residue.The clause as representation is about transitivity.The transitivity discusses three elements (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) in (Sujatna, 2012).They are process, participant, and circumstantial.The process as the main element is realized by a verb.Since a clause in English has a verb, every clause in English has a process.It is not similar to Bahasa Indonesia, since Bahasa Indonesia has verbal and nonverbal clauses.It means that not all clauses Bahasa Indonesia have processes.To identify the clauses containing processes, in this research, the present writer limits the type of the clauses; the verbal clauses in Bahasa Indonesia as the data and its equivalence in English.
The data obtained from the tourism promotion texts in Bahasa Indonesia.The text documents have the two features of information; logical events of cause-effect relationship and logical events of the argument and statement of historical characters (Biber & Conrad, 2009).As Sukma & Sujatna argue that "Every writer interacts with readers in their texts" (2014).The present writer chooses the tourism promotion text, in terms of knowing how Indonesian writers try to convince the readers in understanding their promotion in relating to the choice of processes in their clauses, especially in Bahasa Indonesia.

Research Questions
The followings are the three main questions discussed in this research: 1) What processes found in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English?
2) What participants involved in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English?
3) What verbs used as the main part of the process in each clause containing process in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English?

Objectives of the Research
The objectives of the research are: 1) To analyze and describe the processes found in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English.
2) To analyze and describe the participants involved in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English.
3) To analyze and describe the verbs used as the main part of the process in each clause containing process in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English.

Method
The method employed in the research is descriptive method.According to Bhattacherjee (2012), "Descriptive research is directed at making careful observations and detailed documentation of a phenomenon of interest.These observations must be based on the scientific method (i.e., must be replicable, precise, etc.), and therefore, are more reliable than casual observations by untrained people".
The first step, the present writer identifies the verbal and nonverbal clauses in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English.The second, the verbal clauses are classified into the types of the verb as the main part of the processes.They are classified into the six types of processes: material process, mental process, verbal process, relational process, behavioral process, and existential process.After classifying into the types of the processes, the present writer tries to analyze the participants and circumstantial involved in the Bahasa Indonesia clauses and its translation in English.As the last step, the present writer tries to describe the dominant process found in the Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and the participants involved in the process and its equivalence in English.

Theoretical Framework
Many researchers did research on tourism promotion, but it is very limited did the research on Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts related to Systemic Functional Linguistics study.The followings are some researchers did their research on tourism promotion, Sunjayadi in his article titled "Mengabadikan estetika Fotografi dalam Promosi Pariwisata Kolonial di Hindia-Belanda", discussed the role of photography in colonial tourism in the Netherlands-Indies and its influence in the process to "find Indonesia" (Sunjayadi, 2008).
According to Decrop in his article titled "The influence of message format on the effectiveness of print advertisements for tourism destinations" the effectiveness of each of these components in triggering a response by the target audience (Decrop, 2007).The three types of response are taken into account: knowledge (information), liking (attraction) and behavioral intention.From the two previous researches it is found that doing research on the processes in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts is necessary in contributing to Linguistics area and also tourism perspectives.
Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) or sometimes called Functional Grammar (FG) is an approached that introduced language as a system (Halliday, 1985) relates to Emilia "SFL starts with the most general features and proceeding step by step so as to become even more specific: a message is either about doing, or about thinking, or about being; if it is about doing, this is either plan action or action on something…" (Emilia, 2014).
SFL or FG introduces language as a system of meaning.As Gerot & Wignell argue, "Functional grammars view language as a resource for making meaning.These grammars attempts to describe language in actual use and so focus on text and their contexts."(Gerot & Wignell, 1995)

Metafunctions
This approach concerns clause in three different metafunction of meanings, they are ideational, interpersonal, and textual meaning (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004).The ideational meaning relates to transitivity or clause as representation, interpersonal meaning relates to mood and residue or clause as message, and textual meaning relates to theme or clause as exchange.From the three metafunction of meanings, this research focuses on the ideational meaning or clause as representation.

Transitivity
Clause as representation concerns transitivity.Transitivity discusses three main elements; they are processes, participants, and circumstances.

Processes
Deterding & Poedjosoedarmo argue "Process that is events which occurs or states that exists, participants involved in those processes, both people and things, and circumstances, such as the time or place at which the process occurred or the manner in which is done" (Deterding & Poedjosoedarmo, 2001).Process as one of the elements of transitivity is classified into six different types of processes.Halliday & Matthiessen divide the process into two major types: material, mental, relational as the main types and verbal, behavioral, existential process as the rest ( 2004).Every process is realized by a verb (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) in (Sujatna, 2013).Besides the process, the transitivity elements are participants and circumstance.Participants are realized by nominal group while circumstances are realized by adverbial group or prepositional phrase (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004).
According to Gerot and Wignell, "Material process is a process of doing, so clauses with a material process obligatory have a doing (process) and a doer (participant)" (Gerot & Wignell, 1995).In material process, the participant is not only the doer (actor) but also the goal.The following is the example of the material process in the English clause: (1) You can visit this beautiful place.

Agent Material process Goal
The example (1) describes that the clause You can visit this beautiful place containing a material process.The verb group can visit is a process of doing (as a material process) so that the two participants: You as participant are the doer of the action and this beautiful place is the goal.The second type of process is mental process.Mental process (Sujatna, 2013, p. 39) involves feeling, thinking, perceiving, and having emotional reactions to things, as described in the following examples: (2) I saw the sunset yesterday.

Senser Mental process Phenomenon Circumstance
The clause I saw the sunset yesterday in the example (2) describes the verb see as a mental process, the process of perceiving.The process of perceiving see in the example above needs two participants: I and the sunset.The first participant, I am the experiencer as someone who gets the experience and the sunset as the second participant is a phenomenon, while yesterday is the circumstance.
The third type of the process is relational process.Halliday argued "Relational process is a generalization of the traditional notion of 'copula' constructions" (Martin, 2011).In the relational processes the verbs involved are called relating verbs.Humphrey et al., mention that "The most common relating verbs are 'being' and 'having' verbs in their various forms, and they function to identify something, to describe the attributes of something or to classify something" (Humphrey, Love, & Loise, 2014).The following are the examples of the relation processes in the English clauses.
(3) It is the place I told you.

Token Relational Process Value
The clause is the example (3) has a verb of being, is that functions to identify the value the place I told you.The first participant, It is token and the other is value, the place I told you.
(4) I have a car.
Carrier Relational Process Attribute The clause in the example (4) shows that the process is relational.It has a verb of having, have, that functions to describe the attribute of I.The clause has two participants.The first participant is I as a carrier and the second one is a car as an attribute.

Carrier Relational Process Attribute
The clause in the example ( 5) is not similar to (4) although they have the same process, relational process.In the clause (5) the verb is verb of being is, that functions to classify the kind of beach, a beautiful beach.So that the first participant is It as carrier and the second one is a beautiful beach as attribute.
The fourth type of process is verbal process.The process involves the saying verbs.According to Humphrey et al. (2014, p. 33), "Saying verbs represent process of communication in their various forms-processes that report direct or indirect speech."The followings are the examples of the saying verbs in the verbal process.
(6) He said that the scenery was very beautiful.
Sayer Verbal Process Verbiage (Clause) The example ( 6) is an indirect speech.It has a verbal process in the clause He said that the scenery was very beautiful.It has a saying verb, said.The saying verb, said, needs two participants, they are He as the sayer and that the scenery was very beautiful as the verbiage.

Clause Sayer Verbal process
The example (7) is a direct report.The example in (7) has two clauses, they are 'Finally, I found what I wanted' and he answered.The verbal process is in the second clause.The verb answered is the verb of saying.
The next type is behavioral process.This process relates to two major things: psychological and physiological behavior (Gerot & Wignell, 1995)as they stated, "Behavioural processes are processes of physiological and psychological behavior, like breathing, dreaming, snoring, smiling, hiccupping, looking, watching, listening, and pondering."The followings are the examples of the processes in the English clauses.

Behaver Behavioral Process
The example (8) shows that the clause containing the behavioral process.The verb involved is snores.The verb snores is classified into physiological behavior.
(9) He is smiling at me.

Behaver Behavioral Process Circumstance
The example ( 9) is a clause containing a behavioral process.The verbal group is smiling and it is classified into psychological behavior.The participant involved is only one, He as the behaver and the circumstance is at me.
The sixth type, as the last type of process is existential process.The existential processes represent experience by positing that "there was/ is something" (Eggins, 1994, p. 254).
(10) There is a stain on your dress.

Existential Process Existent Circumstance
The example (10) shows that the verb is in the clause there is a stain on your dress is the existential process.The participant involved is existent.The word there is a dummy subject or sometimes called an introductory.

Participants
According to Sujatna, "Participants are expressed by noun groups (including pronouns)" ( 2013).Besides agent and goal in material processes, there are other participants involved in this processes.They are initiator, beneficiary, and scope.Agent is the participant that doing the action (the process), and it is the main participant of the process.A goal is an entity that is brought into being by the process (Matthiessen, Teruya, & Lam, 2010).
Initiator is a participant that initiates the agent to do the process.Beneficiary as another participant in material process is a participant that gets benefit of the process.The last participant, the scope, is a unique participant; it is a nominalization of the verb in material process.The participants are described in the following examples.
(11) He made me paint the room.
Initiator Material Process Agent Material Goal (12) They made me a cake.
Agent Material Process Beneficiary Goal (13) She took a bath in my bathroom.

Agent Material Process Circumstance
In mental process, the main participants are experiencer and phenomenon.Besides experiencer, or sometimes called senser, and phenomenon, the other participant is inducer.Inducer is the participant who induces the senser to do the process, as described in the following example.
(14) She made me rethink my attitudes

Inducer senser phenomenon mental
In relational processes, there are two types of processes: identifying and attributive.In identifying, the participants are token and value while in the attributive, the participants are carrier and attribute.Besides token/ value and carrier/ attribute, the other participants are attributor or and assigner, as described in the following.

Assigner Relational Value Token
In verbal, behavioral, and existential processes, the participants have been discussed in the processes above, they have no additional participants.

Circumstances
Circumstance is the third element of transitivity.Circumstances can a word, a group, or a clause.It usually comes before or after the processes as described in the following examples.
Circumstance Participant Process Participant (18) I visited my grandma yesterday.

Participant Process Participant Circumstance
From the examples ( 17) and ( 18), it can be seen that yesterday as the circumstances can come before or after the process.

Bahasa Indonesia Clauses
As one of the Austronesian languages, Bahasa Indonesia is the official language in Indonesia.Bahasa Indonesia is different from English.Bahasa Indonesia has two different types of clauses: verbal clauses and nonverbal clauses.

Verbal Clauses
Verbal clause is one of the two types of clauses in Bahasa Indonesia.Verbal clauses have a verb in every clause, it is similar to English.The following is the example of verbal clause in Bahasa Indonesia.
The nonverbal clauses in Bahasa Indonesia are not discussed in this paper, since they have no verbs.This paper discussed Bahasa Indonesia verbal clauses since the verbal clauses have verbs as the main part of the processes.

Results and Discussion
The present writer analyzes 43 data (as the samples) from the 151 collected data.The data described in the following are divided into the four different types of processes: material processes, relational processes, mental processes, and existential processes as described in the following.

Material Processes
Material processes or process of doing is found as the dominant processes in Bahasa Indonesia Tourism Promotion text and its equivalence in English.From the data analyzed, it is found that there are 78 data of the material processes from 151 data and the present writer only analyzes 23 data from 78 data.Relating to the type of the data, the present writer classifies the data into the structure of the clauses.Relating to the pattern of the clauses, the data are classified into nine different patterns; (i) agent -process, (ii) agent -process-goal, (iii) agent -process -circumstance, (iv) agent -process -goal -circumstance, (v) agent -process-benefactive-circumstance, (vi) circumstance -agent-process-goal, (vii) goal -process-circumstance, and (viii) goal -process -agentcircumstance.

Agent-Process
The present writer classifies the agent-process as the first classification.The data shows that the clause contains of two words: Matahari as the agent and tenggelam as the process, as described in the following data.
sun set "The sun sets."

English
The sun sets Participant: Agent Process: Material The present writer found one data consisting material process (tenggelam) preceded by an agent (Matahari) as the participant.The verb tenggelam is a process of doing so that the participant is who does the action, Matahari, is the agent of the action.
The present writer found the equivalence in English also has a material process (sets) which preceded by an agent (The sun) as the participant.The verb tenggelam (the equivalence is sets) is a process of doing so that the participant is who does the action, Matahari (the equivalence is The sun), is the agent of the action.Both Bahasa Indonesia and English have the same two elements: agent as the participant and material as the process.

Agent-Process-Goal
The second classification of the clause structure containing material process is agent-process-goal.This classification is the dominant number of data.Both Bahasa Indonesia and English data have two participants, as the agent and the goal, as described in the following.
beach Citepus always interesting tourist local visit look for warmness ocean Indian "Citepus beach is always interesting for local tourists visit to look for the warmness of the Indian Ocean."

English
Citepus beach is always interesting for local tourists visit to look for the warmness of the Indian Ocean.Participant: Agent Process: Relational Attribute (3) Gugusan karang hitam berbagai bentuk dipadu pasir coklat muda.
cluster coral black many shape combine sand brown light "Many shapes of the black coral cluster are combined with light brown sand."begin spread out rice field tea plantation to forest dense will accompany journey "The spread out of rice field, tea plantation, and dense forest will accompany the journey."

Participant: Agent
Process: Material Participant: Goal

English
The spread out of rice field, tea plantation, and dense forest will accompany the journey.Participant: Agent Process: Material Participant: Goal (5) Pantai Madasari menyajikan panorama alam yang sangat indah dengan dihiasi pulau-pulau kecil.… beach Madasari serve panoramic nature which very beautiful with decorated islands small "Madasari beach serves a beautiful panoramic nature which is decorated by small green islands ..."

Bahasa Indonesia
Pantai From the seven data, it can be seen that the verbs used in material processes in Bahasa Indonesia clauses are berkunjung mencari, dipadu, akan menemani, menyajikan, menjanjikan memberikan, menyimpan, and menyuguhkan while the equivalence verbs in English are visit to look for, are combined, will accompany, serve, promise to give, is, and serve.From the seven verbs are found in the seven Bahasa Indonesia clauses in tourism promotion texts, they have the same patterns; agent-process-goal while only one clause in the equivalence in English as described in the data (7).It is described that the data has different process, it contains of relational process not the material process as described in Bahasa Indonesia data.

Agent-Process-Circumstance
From the data collected, the present writer found four clauses containing agent -process -circumstance: the first two clauses the agents are explicitly stated while the third clause the agent is implicitly stated.These clauses has only one participant, agent.The processes are represented by the verbs memanjakan, berlabuh,menutup,and melancong in Bahasa Indonesia verbs and spoil, anchor, have closed, and visit in English as its equivalence as described in the following examples.
facility the to spoil you that want eat "The facility spoils you who want to enjoy your lunch …."
hundreds boat fisherman anchor over there with bring result catch fish "Hundreds of fisherman boats anchor over there by bringing their fish."The first three clauses above describe that the verbs memanjakan, berlabuh, and menutup are the processes of doing followed by the circumstances.The agents are stated explicitly.It happens to the equivalence in English, the four clauses (containing the verbs spoil, anchor, have closed, and visit).It is different from the third data (12) in Bahasa Indonesia, the agent is not stated.Implicitly, the agent of the data (12) is Anda "you" as the reader of the message.

Agent-Process-Goal-Circumstance
The present writer found the next classification is agent-process-goal-circumstance.For this structure, the present writer found one verb, membentuk in Bahasa Indonesia and its equivalence in English is shape as described in the following clauses.
sea spread out wide shape line horizon in foot sky blue with splashing wave which unique "The wide sea shapes a horizon line in the foot of the blue sky with the sound of unique wave splashing."

English
The wide sea shapes a horizon line in the foot of the blue sky with the sound of unique wave splashing.Participant: Agent Process: Material Participant: Goal Circumstance The verb membentuk in the clause ( 13) has two participants.The participants in the clause ( 13) are the wide sea as the agent and a horizon line as the goal while di kaki langit biru dengan deburan ombaknya yang khas is the circumstance.

Agent-Process-Beneficiary-Goal
The present writer found one data containing three participants in material process: agent, benefctive, and goal as described in data ( 14) in Bahasa Indonesia containing the verb memberi.In the clause ( 14) it is shown that the participant Pandangan lepas ke ujung cakrawala as the agent of the action and Anda is the beneficiary of the action memberi and the third participant, the goal, is ketenangan dan kenangan berlibur yang menyenangkan.The equivalence in English in data ( 14) described that the verb give in English is the equivalence of the verb memberi in Bahasa Indonesia.Both in English and Bahasa Indonesia, they have the same pattern, agent-process-beneficiary-goal and the same process, material process.

Circumstance-Agent-Process-Goal
From the analyzed data, the present writer found the verb dapat membeli, memecah, dapat memesan, menyediakan dan terabaikanare categorized into material processes in the circumstance-agent-process-goal clause structure in Bahasa Indonesia as described in the following data.( 15

English
As the developing of land transport, the quay was ignored.Circumstance Participant: Agent Process: Material From the five data mentioned in clauses ( 15)-( 19), it is described that the verbs are classified into the material processes that need two participants, agent and goal.The verbs are membeli, memecah, memesan, menyediakan, berjalan-jalan, and terabaikan have the equivalence in English, can buy, break, can order, serve, and was ignored.

Goal-Process-Circumstance
The present writer found that the verb ditempuh in Bahasa Indonesia can be classified into material process as described in the data (20).
(20) Pantai Santolo yang berjarak sekitar 98 kilometer dari arah kota Garut dapat ditempuh dari berbagai arah… beach Santolo which distance about 98 kilo meter from direction city Garut can go through from some direction "Santolo beach is about 98 km from Garut city can be through from others directions, …"

Bahasa Indonesia
Pantai Santolo yang berjarak sekitar 98 kilometer dari arah kota Garut dapat ditempuh dari berbagai arah… Participant: Goal Process: Material Circumstance The three clauses above have two participants: agents and goals.The data (21) describes the verb dikirimkan is the material process preceded by the goal Kekayaan hasil bumi di wilayah selatan Garut terutama karet dan teh and followed by the word Belanda as the agent while the equivalence verb in English is were sent.It also happens to the data ( 22) and ( 23).The goal Banyak aktivitas pantai in ( 22) preceded the verb dilakukan (the equivalence verb is is done) and followed by the agent wisatawan and the goal Lokasi bekas dermaga in ( 23) is preceded by the verb digunakan (the equivalence is is used) and followed by the agent warga.

Relational Processes: Attributive
Relational process is the second type of process found in the Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts.The data classified into relational process are 33 data while the data analyzed are 12 data.The relational processes are categorized into attributive and identifying relational processes.Relating to the analysis of the data, the present writer found attributive only.There is no identifying relational process.
(24) Yang menambah daya tarik Batu Hiu juga adalah tempat penangkaran penyu.which add interest Batu Hiu also is place sanctuary tortoise "Something interesting from Batu Hiu is a tortoise sanctuary place."
for you which visit to beach north Pulau Jawa Pantai Tirtamaya can become choice for recreation "For you who visit to Pulau Jawa, Pantai Tirtamaya can be a choice for recreation."From the 33 data, the present writer analyzed and found fourteen different verbs used in the attributive relational processes.They are adalah, berasal, memiliki, mempunyai, mengandung, menjadi, menjadikan, tampak, menyerupai, merupakan, tersohor, berada, terletak, and berlokasi, as described in the data ( 33)-( 46).

Mental Processes
Mental process is the second type of process found in the Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts.The data classified into mental process are 28 data and the data analyzed as the samples are five.The analyzed are categorized into two major categories: process of feeling and process of perceiving.The verb in the process of feeling is dapat menikmati and menyaksikan.The verbs in the process of perceiving are melihat and terdengar.

Process of Feeling
In the process of feeling, the present writer found two verbs used in this process: the verb menikmati and menyaksikan.The present writer found the verb menikmati are 14 data (the analyzed data only one data) andakan terpukau (one data).
(36) Anda dapat menikmati keindahan alam dan hawa pengunungan yang masih sejuk….you can enjoy beauty nature and air mountain which still fresh "You and your family can enjoy the beauty of nature and fresh air."

English
You and your family can enjoy the beauty of nature and fresh air.Participant: Senser Process: Mental Participant: Phenomenon (37) Selain itu, Anda juga akan terpukau oleh keindahan antara perpaduan laut….
besides you also will mesmerized by beauty between combination sea "Besides it, you will be mesmerized by the combination of sea …."

Bahasa Indonesia
Selain From the four verbs involved in the existential process, the equivalence of the verb terdapat is the dominant (five data), tersedia (four data), ada (two data), and terhampar (one data).

Conclusion
From the data analyzed, the present writer concludes that 1) There are four types of processes found in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English as described in the following table.2) The participant involve in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English are (a) Material processes: agent, goal, and beneficiary(b) Relational processes: carrier and attribute, (c) Mental processes: senser and phenomenon, and (d) Existential processes: existent 3) The verb used in each clause containing material processes, relational processes, mental processes, and existential processes in Bahasa Indonesia tourism promotion texts and its equivalence in English are

English
(i) process of feeling: can enjoy, will be mermerized (ii) process of perceiving: can see, heard.

Existential process:
The verb involved in existential processes in Bahasa Indonesia are ada, terdapat, tersedia while in English is the verb be.

( 14 )
Pandangan lepas ke ujung cakrawala memberi Anda ketenangan dan kenangan berlibur yang menyenangkan view free to tip horizon give you composure and memory holiday which excited "The horizon view gives you composure and memory of an excited holiday."Bahasa Indonesia Pandangan lepas ke ujung cakrawala memberi Anda ketenangan dan kenangan berlibur yang menyenangkan.Participant: Agent Process: Material Participant: GoalEnglishThe horizon view gives you composure and memory of an excited holiday.Participant: Agent Process: Material Participant: Goal

( 33 )
Pantai Tanjung Pakis berada di ujung Utara Karawang, …. beach Tanjung Pakis be in tip northern Karawang "Tanjung Pakis beach is in the Northern Karawang, …." Bahasa Indonesia Pantai Tanjung Pakis berada di ujung Utara Karawang, ….Participant: Carier Process: Relational Participant: Attribute English Tanjung Pakis beach is in the Northern Karawang, ….Participant: Carier Process: Relational Participant: Attribute (34) Lokasi Pantai Tanjung Pakis terletak di Kecamatan Pakisjaya …. location Pantai Tanjung Pakis locate in subdistrict Pakisjaya "The location of Tanjung Pakis beach is on Pakisjaya subdistrict,…." Verbs are the main element of the process, so that the data collected in this research are verbal clauses.It is indicated by the word pergi as the verb of the clause.
We also have closed the place for about one month because of the rainfall is high enough." Debur ombak serta cipratan air saat ombak memecah batu karang….splash wave and spray water when wave break rock coral "Splashing of the wave and water when the wave breaks the coral …."Besides the facility of the water fall rainbow, the management also serves a "café view deck" facility.' (17) Di sini, pengunjung dapat memesan berbagai makanan dan olahan hasil laut,… Participant: Carier Process: Material Participant: Attribute Sebutan Santolo sendiri berasal dari bahasa Belanda, yakni dari kata Zon (dibaca San), dan Tulu.name Santolo itself origin from language Dutch namely from word Zon (read San) and Tulu "The name Santolo comes from Dutch namely Zon (read San) and Tulu." Wisata Pemandian Alam Cipanas Cileungsing berlokasi tidak terlalu jauh dari Cipanas Sekarwangi.tourism pool nature Cipanas Cileungsi located no too far from Cipanas Sekarwangi "The hot spring Cipanas Cileungsi is not far from Cipanas Sekarwangi." Di sisi pulau terdapat bangunan bekas dermaga …. in side island be building old quay "In the island side, there is a building, a quay…."Di pantai ini telah tersedia Penginapan dengan fasilitas AC dan TV, juga tersedia dengan fasilitas biasa. in beach this have available inn with facility AC and TV also available with facility usual "In this beach there is the Inn with AC and TV facility …." From the fifteenth data classified into mental process as process of feeling, fourteen from them used the verb menikmati and one of them is terpukau.The fifteenth analyzed data have two participants: experiencer and phenomenon in each clause.4.3.2Process of Perceiving (Through Five Senses)Process of perceiving is the second type of mental processes.This process involved three verbs: melihat,