Impact of E-Commerce on Organization Performance; Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan

In the recent years, E-banking is one of the most important revolutions in the banking sector of Pakistan. This study measures the impact of e commerce (B2B, B2C, C2C) on organization performance (Business operation, Job performance, Customer satisfaction).The sample of this research is collected from the banking sector of Pakistan from the period of 6 to 8 months by using 50 samples filling online from the period 2012 to 2013. Results show that there is positive relationship between e-commerce and organization performance and by implementing e commerce; organizations improve its performance in terms of business operations, job performance and customer satisfaction. Major research has been withdrawn from MBA thesis subject Impact of foreign banks on domestic banks businesses.


INTRODUCTION
The innovative use of technology brought huge impact on banking sector and creates new interactive ways through which customers can interact with banks.The development of electronic channels changed the natures of financial services delivered to customer by the widely use of electronic banking technologies (ATM, Mobile banking, online banking, electronic 1 Istanbul Aydin University / Istanbul, Turkey, mehtabazeem@yahoo.com 2 Vice Director of of Social Science Institute, Istanbul Aydin University Istanbul, Turkey 3 Istanbul Aydin University / Istanbul, Turkey 4 Francois Rabelais University / Tours, France 5 University of Central Punjab / Lahore, Pakistan, Abdulhaseeb7@hotmail.com fund transfer and direct deposit).Pakistani banking sector has seen growth over the past few year.According to the State Bank of Pakistan report, the electronic banking transaction's volume  Mclean, 2004).Due to technological advancements many businesses are capable to perform the functions of e commerce more easily and efficiently till now and become more competitive by using the means of telecommunication networks.In many businesses, they use different types of models based on their nature and operations.
The different types of electronic commerce includes Business to business, Business to consumer and Consumer to Consumer (Zwaas, 2003).

LITERATURE REVIEW E-COMMERCE:
E-commerce is a concept which means that the sales purchase or exchange of goods & services or information is by using a computer network, including the Internet.With respect to communication it is to provide information, services, payment and product using computer networks, telephone networks and other electronic means (Galati, 2010).There are three type of e commerce i.e. business to business, business to customer and customer to customer.
According to Watson et al. (1999), electronic commerce is the source of improvement in organizational performance by using computer networks.Turban et al. (2000) defines E commerce as the process of buying & selling or exchanging of products or services and information via computer networks includes the Internet.In electronic commerce organization use electronic tools such as file transfer, fax, video conferencing, EDI and file transfer etc.In the past, trade is carry on with the physical presence of buyer and sellers but now a day with the technological advancement, it is not necessary for both to appear physically at the market place.
The invention of telecommunication network means i.e. internet, web technologies and other electronic devices makes easy the business as well as facilitate the both (business and customers).Buyer of product and services can online order the product by using internet without physically appearing to that shop or office and seller deliver that product according to the order.Through this buyer save its time as well as transportation cost and seller build a strong relationship with the customer and got the list of customers as well as manage the inventory.

ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE:
OP mainly focus on three areas of firm's outcome i.e.Customer satisfaction, Product market performance and Product services quality Richard et al. (2009).Organization performance can be measured through efficiency and effectiveness (Robins et al, 2009).
An organization is efficient if it is cost and time effective (Bardhan, 2005).The scope of this research is to measure the organization performance i.e. business operation, customer satisfaction and job performance in the banking sector of Pakistan.
In customer satisfaction: customer evaluate the product or services on the basis of expectation from that product or services which satisfied or not.Business operation involves activities that are involved in business operations to maximize the firm's value.Job performance refers to the accomplishment of tasks and responsibilities assigned to the individual or employee on job place.

RESEARCH MODEL:
In this research organization performance is our dependent variable and e commerce as independent variable.Dependent variable (organization performance) is divided into business operation, customer satisfaction and job performance.E-commerce is classified into B2B, B2C and C2C.There is significant relationship between electronic commerce and organization performance.In this research we will find the relationship between electronic commerce and organizational performance.By adopting the e-commerce practices the organizational performance increases.The organizations that implement e-commerce have tremendous advantage in quality, cost, profit, and employee motivation (Singh, 2002).It is observed that by adopting e-commerce the organizational performance like profit, market share, and customer services improved.And we see significant improvement in organization's practices regarding marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling and administration (Richard et al., 2009).There was a significant relationship between the E-commerce application and OP in the banking sector of Pakistan.Those organizations which do not use e commerce application may have disadvantage relative to their competitors.Electronic commerce has dramatically affected the operations of the business and companies spend a large portion of investment in e commerce applications which may lead toward the organizational achievements.Rapidly adoption of Electronic commerce applications like internet, electronic mail, video conferencing and fax changed the nature of the business.
These applications lead towards the substantial changes in traditional businesses and companies.Many firms are trying to understand and measure the electronic commerce so that they can do wise decisions regarding the operations of the firm (Singh, 2002).Electronic commerce significantly affects the organizational performance and efficiency.Businesses and firms are using electronic commerce to increase the overall operational efficiency of the firm.
Emergence of electronic commerce has dramatically affect the overall organizational effectiveness and companies get competitive advantage through adopting the electronic commerce applications In many businesses there is strong need to share the information with general public based on the nature of business so at that time if information is not accessible to everyone then business bears the loss or miss the opportunity that it can achieve.E commerce has shortened these gaps and makes information accessible to everyone and strengthens the relationship between business and customers as well.It can also make easy the transactions between the business and customers through providing the online services i.e. fund transfer, billing, cash withdrawal and many other etc.
In the past, banking is on the manual basis.There are many people required to do one task and consume too much time and to keep record of past data is the big problem for the organizations.So efficiency of workers decreased after some time and results in the form of slow productivity or business processes.There is strong need arises for the most efficient and effective system that can make these tasks more easy and accurate so World Wide Web (WWW) create a boom in the banking sector and totally change the nature of doing banking, many manual tasks are replaced by computer technology and make tasks easy, accurate and with small employs or workers.
The reliability of the work is also increased because in a manual work there are maximum error chances but one can do that task with the help of computer software then can get more accurate and reliable results.
Large companies are using electronic commerce to make their business healthy and strong but they have to first invest a healthy amount in the implementation of adopting electronic commerce.In recent years people are switching from traditional ways of business to the modern one through electronic commerce.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
H1: There is a positive relationship between e-commerce and organizational performance H2: There is positive relationship between e commerce and business operation.

H3: There is positive relation between e commerce and customer satisfaction
H4: There is positive relation between e commerce and job performance.
H5: E-commerce impact on organizational performance

MODEL DIAGRAM: VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT:
Table A: Scale name and alpha values Business Operation consisting of 5 items and the reliability is 0.707.After performing factor analysis of Customer Satisfaction consisting of 5 items, 1 item have been excluded in order to ensure the reliability 0.737.After performing factor analysis of Job Performance consisting of 5 items, 1 item have been excluded in order to ensure the reliability 0.711.After performing factor analysis of B2C consisting of 8 items, 3 item have been excluded in order to ensure the reliability 0.727.Business 2 business consisting of 3 and the reliability is 0.726.After performing factor analysis of C2C consisting of 3 items and the reliability is 0.758.
Business operation: This is dependent variable that includes those activities which involve in business operations to maximize the firm's value.We own develop 5 items to measures this variable.The measure is reported to have convergent and discriminate validity and Cronbach's alpha for the five items for this sample was 0.707.
Customer satisfaction: This is dependent variable in which customer evaluate the product or services on the basis of expectation from that product or services which satisfied or not.We developed five items to measures this variable.The measure is reported to have convergent and discriminate validity and Cronbach's alpha for the five items for this sample was 0.737.
Job performance: This is dependent variable that refers to the accomplishment of tasks and responsibilities assigned to the individual or employee on job place.We developed five items to measures this variable.The measure is reported to have convergent and discriminate validity and Cronbach's alpha for the three items for this sample was 0.711.Cronbach's alpha for the eight items for this sample was 0.727.

Business to customer
Business to Business: B2B is independent variable.It is web enabled applications through which inter-organizational coordination business partner's relationship can be improved.We developed three items to measures this variable, The measure is reported to have convergent and discriminate validity and Cronbach's alpha for the three items for this sample was 0.726.
Customer to customer: C2C is independent variable.In c2c e commerce, person to person transaction occurs where individual can buy & sell or send & receive money online to other consumer.We developed three items to measures this variable, The measure is reported to have convergent and discriminate validity and Cronbach's alpha for the three items for this sample was 0.758.

DATA COLLECTION:
Questionnaire is used as a tool to conduct a survey in the city of Lahore because it is second largest city in the country as with rich of all businesses and having almost all bank branches.The sampling technique which used in this research is probability sampling for a selection criterion.
In this research the participants was manger and operation manager from those commercial banks which are operating in Lahore city.Out of 50 questionnaires which are sent through mail 23 were returned which shows 46 % response rate from the respondents and 80 questionnaires are filled directly from the mangers & operation manager through which 78 are used in this research.Each hypothesis was then tested.The correlation matrix provided the answer to the first four hypotheses.The first hypothesis stated that there is positive correlation between e commerce organizational performances.The positive correlation of 0.54 (p < 0.001) between the e commerce and organization performance substantiates this hypothesis.
The second hypothesis stated that if banks adopt e-commerce application then the business operations would improve.The positive correlation of 0.503(p < 0.001) between the ecommerce and business operation substantiates this hypothesis.
The third hypothesis stated that if banks adopt e commerce applications then it does not affect the customer satisfaction because there is weak correlation between e-commerce and customer satisfaction.The correlation of 0.103(p < 0.001) between the e commerce and customer satisfaction substantiates this hypothesis.
The fourth hypothesis stated that the e commerce has positive correlation with job performance.The correlation of 0.553(p < 0.001) between the e commerce and job performance substantiates this hypothesis.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS:
Ecommerce is regressed against the organization performance .The result which is shown in table D Indicate that this hypothesis is also substantiated.That is, the R square value of 0.563 at a significant level of P<0.001, with df(3), confirms that 56 % of the variance in organization performance is significantly explained by the three independent variable i.e.b2b,b2c and c2c.
This shows the overall strength of association between organizational performance and ecommerce applications e.g.B2B, B2C and C2C.The main aim of conducting this research was help to understand the impact of E- was 31.5 million during second Quarter of 2007-08 fiscal years in which Automated Teller Machine transactions were 16.5 million and the volume of other E banking channel's transactions are 4.8 million in the same quarter.During quarter 4 in same fiscal year, e banking transaction reaches to 34.0 million which clearly shows the Electronics Banking adoption trend in Pakistan.During past few years Electronic-banking has gain important place in the organizations.Banks plays an important role in the economy of any country.The well-developed banking sector of Pakistan consist of broad range of institutions starts from central bank and includes many development financial institutions and most common commercial banks to fulfill the requirement of multiple sectors.Currently in Pakistan four commercial banks are operating which includes: foreign, private, privatized, and nationalized commercial banks etc.In Pakistan State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) is the monetary body for all banking sector because Banking companies' ordinance, 1962 empowers the Central bank (SBP) for supervision and regulation of these financial institutions.During the last five decades Pakistani banking sector passed through various stages include: nationalization in the seventies and privatization in nineties.E-Commerce is to facilitate and implement business processes through the use of telecommunications network means i.e.Internet.(Delone & commerce on organization performance especially banking sector of Pakistan.This study shows the existence of positive significant relationship between the Application of E-commerce and the organizational performance in the banking sector of Pakistan.It also helps the managers to understand the importance of e-commerce to improve the performance of banking sector of Pakistan.The results of this research is resembles with (kaleem and Ahmad, 2008) and (chen, 2008) which reveals that e commerce is positively related with the organization performance.The limitation of this research was that the study is limited to banking sector and questionnaires are filled from the managers & operation managers.Time and cost is another important constraint of this study.Finally,this study was limited to the non-financial aspects of organization performance, financial aspect like return on asset, return on equity, EPS and dividend payout etc are not included.This study is limited to the banking sector but it can also conduct in other sectors like Education, Telecommunication, Textile, Sports etc.

:
B2C is independent variable, In b2c companies/businesses conduct transaction with consumer through electronic channels, We developed eight items to measures

Table B :
The descriptive statistics 1