A Literature Review of Factors Influencing Implementation of Management Information Systems in Organizations

A proper implementation of Management Information Systems (MIS) can improve an organization's performance, productivity, and work efficiently. Three factors are vital in the successful implementation of MIS. These are organization factors, technology factors and management factors. There are several other factors but these three are the most important ones according to observation. All other factors can be incorporated into these three factors. These three main factors work in an integrated and coordinated way. There are several other important sub-factors in each of these three areas. These are also discussed in this paper. Management Information Systems (MIS) play a vital role in decision-making process. Managers can improve their decision-making process with the successful execution of Information Systems. Our main goal in this paper is to determine the factors and make discussions on them. How they affect in the successful implementation of MIS is also discussed here.


Introduction
In modern days, a large number of organizations cannot operate successfully without the proper implementation of MIS.With the help of MIS, organizations can get the right information to improve the cooperation and intercommunication between institutions' people (Mamary, Shamsuddin, & Aziati, 2014).MIS enables information to flow between departments immediately, shortening the requirement for direct intercommunications between members, thus incrementing the performance and effectiveness of the organization (Nath, & Badgujar, 2013).MIS is certainly a major tool in each organization, which intends to bring dependable, thorough, available, and accurate data to system's user on time.MIS facilitate tasks mechanization.Mechanization significantly improves organizational workflow (Mamary, Shamsuddin, & Aziati, 2014).
MIS has three dimensions-organization, management, and information technology (Laudon, 2016).Successful implementation of a Management Information Systems primarily depends on organizational factors, Management factors, and Technological factors.These three main dimensions also interact with each other's, and they cannot operate independently without the help of another dimension.
The main motivation for this paper is based on the fact that many organizations are trying to adopt Management Information Systems to increase their efficiency and improve their decision making.Three factors named organization, management, and technological factors affect the successful execution of MIS.This paper aims to make discussion on these factors, and it demonstrates how they are interrelated with each other.
The primary goal of this paper is to determine the most important factors which affect the fruitful execution of Management Information Systems in organizations.It also aims to find the factors identified by previous researchers on this topic and why some researcher's factors are more important than other researcher's factors.

Methodology
Here in this paper, it is the primary goal to find the most important and relevant factors which affect the successful implementation of MIS in organizations.This paper is based on several other secondary resourcesmainly from other published papers in high quality journals like MIS Quarterly, Journal of Knowledge  (Boynton & Zmud1994).Other researchers have found that managers and other executive members who has right skill, experience and background are more successful, more positive and proactive in Information system project implementation (Jarvenpa& Ives 1991).

Management Style
Management need to motivate, influence and cooperate and lead people's activities when people work in team and group in an organization.(Aldag 1991) Management is mainly involved with people related tasks and activities.(Lu & Wang 1997) Managers who focus on people are responsible for building trust, respect and cooperation among people but task centric managers focus more on job duties, responsibilities and organization tasks.

Result and Analysis
Here is a table which clearly shows the factors identified by previous researcher on this topic.Proper reference is also given in the table below:  Obviously other researcher's work is also excellent and they have also performed excellent work on this topic but Laudon's work is widely regarded as a masterpiece and widely acceptable.
So according to this paper, there are three factors which influence in successful implementation of Management Information Systems (MIS) in organizations and these are: 1. Organization Factors.
In the organization factors, the other factors are Decision-Making structure, Goal alignment, Resources Allocation and User Training.These organization factors play a critical role in successful MIS implementation, and proper MIS implementation is significantly dependent on them.
In the Technological Factors, the factors are Information Technology Infrastructure, Information Systems Interoperability, Network Security, Wi-Fi Technology, Server and new IT devices.If these above factors are properly implemented in an organization, then the designed MIS system will be a good one, and it will play a significant role in overall organizational success.
In the Management Factors, the factors are Top management support, Managerial IT knowledge, and Management style.Since managers take the important role of decision making, any good management who wants to implement a robust MIS in their organization must acknowledge these factors when they implement MIS.

Discussion and Conclusions
Three factors play a major role when an organization wants to implement MIS in their organization.These factors are organization factors, technological factors, and management factors.These factors are interrelated, and they work in an integrated way.When an organization decides to implement MIS in their organization, they need to look carefully whether their MIS implementation goal is aligned with their organization goal or not.Their top management must support the project plan, and they also equip themselves with the required IT knowledge.They must acknowledge that a properly designed MIS can help them significantly in their decision-making process.They can achieve their overall organization goal and they also can manage their people with the support of Management Information Systems.They allocated the necessary resources for the MIS implementation.Also, they train their users with the necessary knowledge so that their organization efficiency will improve significantly.In concluding, these three factors jointly play a vital role in MIS implementation, and an organization will achieve numerous benefits with it.Our paper will help future researchers to investigate more thoroughly on the mentioned factors discussed in this paper and they can make further contribution on this topic.Our work will provide a good baseline for them.
from these above researchers, there is a clear reason why the technological factors, organization factors and management factors have been chosen.This is mainly because that all the other factors like people factors, environment factors, cost factors, cultural factors can be integrated into the three factors mentioned by Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon.Also, they have identified these key factors based on the three main dimensions of Management Information Systems called organization, management and technology.
It has been found previously that manager's background, awareness and knowledge can be linked with good strategical planning of information systems.

Table 1 .
MIS factors identified by various researchers