The Effect Pineaple Rind Extract ( Ananas comosus L . ) ( Merr var . cayenne ) Attack Intensity Cauliflower ’ s Pests ( Brassica oleracea var . botrytis L . subvar . Cauliflora DC . )

The effect of pineaple rind extract (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr var. Cayenne) towards the intensity of pests attack from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. subvar. cauliflora DC.). The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of pineaple rind extract (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr var. Cayenne) towards the intensity of pests attack from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. subvar. cauliflora DC.). This research has been held for 2 months. The field reseach was held in the field in Loa Ipuh Laut Kecamatan Tenggarong Kota. This research used Random group design (RAK) with five treatments (control included) that has been repeated for twenty five times. Every treatment was 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and the control (without treatment) then was analyzed by using Anaysis of Variance (ANOVA) and was continued with BNJ test 5 %. The result of the research showed that every value was Farithmetic (46,79) (212,3) (66,14) (194,96) (82,11) > Ftable (3,01) it can be concluded that the allotment of vegetal pesticide from pineaple rind (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr var. Cayenne) can decrease the intensity of pests attack from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. subvar. cauliflora DC.).

vegetal pesticide is a pesticide which the active substance is from plant and other organic substances that will be useful to control the pest attack.On that basis, the researcher wants to use the extract of pineaple rind (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr var.cayenne) that contains active compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and saponin to mantain pests in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.botrytis L. subvar.Cauliflora DC.) (Cauliyah, 2015).

Method
The type of this method is True Eksperimental Research that is purposed to know and to find the possibility of cause and effect by real designing of group treatment and control treatment and comparing the treatment result with the control group that is not getting any treatment.(Nurboko, 2014).The design used is random group design, because the research location was done in a field that consists of 5 treatments (including control) dan eachof them has been repeated 5 times as a group.This research used random group design as the simplest design that is suitable for field experiment (Murdiyanto, 2005).The research location is in Tenggarong district in East Kalimantan, with 30 degree celcius of stable weather condition, and the field used is farming group field in that village and using 5 embankments consist of cucumber plant.The research was started from seeding process which put the seeds of cauliflower in a place that had been prepared and had been watered first, so the land for seedbed becomes humid.The field that had been spreaded with seeds then was closed by using sack to keep the humidity from the soil that can help speeding up the growth of shoot from seed of cauliflower (Cahyono, 2001).The seeding had been done for 21 days until cauliflower candidate ready or amounted at least 5 to 6 leaves to be moved to the research field.Vegetal pesticide was made by processing pineaple rind from preparing each of 500 grams of pineaple rinds then each of that was blended with 1500ml of water.In making this vegetal pesticide, the used solvent was water, this is to make the content of chemical content that can cause negative effect in applying it on plants.The spraying or applying pineaple rind extract was started when the plant age was 14 days after the cultivation in the dewfall.The pineaple rind extract was applied once every three days to increase the effectivity of that extract in decriesing the intensity of pests attack that often attack cauliflower.Because, the shortcoming of vegetal pesticide is quickly decomposed and the application has to be often, low toxicity level, cannot directly kill pests/has slow effect (Kardinan, 2002;Rizky Dwidyanti & Ika Andriani, 2013).The tools and materials used in this research are blender, basin, mulch, sack, mattock, weigher, hand-sprayer, strainer, measuring cup, rope, gauge, camera, stationary, cauliflower seeds (Brassica oleracea var.botrytisL.subvar.Cauliflora DC.), 500 grams of pineaple rind (Ananas comosus (l.) Merr var.cayenne), 2 grams of detergent, water, and manure.This research procedure was started from seeding, planting the cauliflower at the age of 21 days, nurturing by watering and cleaning the weeds, applying pineaple rind extract in a different treatment which is 25 %, 50 %, 75 % extract and controlled treatment and harvesting.The application of pineaple skin by using handspray that is sprayed to cucumber leaves for trial, each embarkment will get different concentration extract based on the calculation of the concentration above.The technic for data collection was done once every week until it reached 5 weeks.Calculating the intensity of pests that attack the leaf are from 21 and 28 days after the plant was compared by using this formula: Explanation: I = the attack intensity (%) With 0 as the scale value (means that there was not any attack from pests/the plant was healthy), 1 (the damage is under 25% venial pests attack), 2 (the damage is 25-50% (medium pests attack), 3 (the damage is 50-75% (severe pest attack), 4 (the damage is more than 75% means that the attack is very serious) (Leatemia, 2011).Then the collecting data was analyzed by using analysis of variance -group random design with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% of confidence interval.And continued by 5% of BNJ.
How to calculate it is as follows:
From the total of F-count (46.79) > F-tabel (3.01) that makes pineaple rind extract succeed to decrease the intensity of pests attack.Based on that data analysis, it can be inferred that pineapple skin extract has a big impact to decrease the intensity of pest attacking cucumber plant.Based on BNT test above it can be seen that the level of failure from this research is minimum, that the application of pineapple skin extract to decrease the growth of pest intensity is real.For control group, it can be seen that the pest is growing fast while the treatment group shows that there is a reduction of pest and specifically in P4, the pest is none.Based on BNT test above it can be seen that the level of failure from this research is minimum, that the application of pineapple skin extract to decrease the growth of pest intensity is real.For control group, it can be seen that the pest is growing fast while the treatment group shows that there is a reduction of pest and specifically in P4, the pest is none.Source: research result (2016).
The pets found during the research were Plutella xylostella.L and Atractomorpha crenulata where these two names are known to attack cucumber plantsthat specifies damaging the leaves of cucumber, that make the plants cannot grow bigger because it cannot do the photosynthesis perfectly.The application of using pineapple skin extract can be said as natural pesticides that reduce the growth og pets in plants because it is able to kill the pets that attact plants.

Discussion
The result of the research that had beem done during the research, especially on the 21st, 28th, after cultivation showed that the intensity of pests attack in cauliflower that got high concentrate of pineaple rind extract sustained pests attack less than the cauliflower that got pineaple rind extract with low concentrate or control.
According to variance analysis result, the intencity of pests attack at the age of 21 and 28,days after cultivation also showed that by giving vegetal pesticide from pineaple rind for cauliflower has real effect in decreasing the intensity of pests attack.Pada minggu pertama atau 21 hari It can be seen from Fcount (46,7) that is higher than Ftable (3.01).Whereas in the secon week or 28 days it can be seen that from Fcount (212,30) it is higher than Ftable (3.01).
According to the average of pests attack intensity in every age of cauliflower observation showed that vegetal pesticide from pineaple rind has almost the same average intensity of pest attack.According to the research that has been done by (Hatam, 2013) it can be known that pineaple rind extract with maceration extraction process contains, it can be known that pineapple skin extract with extraction method consists of 3,51 µg/mL flavonoid total that can decrease eating activity of pests and antifeedant.This is because pineaple rind contains flavonoid which is a defence compound that is inhibiting food from pests and toxis (substance that causes poisoning) (Dinata, 2009).How poison insecticides get inside pests body by natural holes from pests body.After it gets inside the pests whole body and attack their nervous system that will distract the pests activity and the pests will die.
According to the observation during the research and the calculation that had been done, it showed that there is a real effect from pineaple rind extract to the intensity of pests attack in cauliflower, (Siti Juariah at al., 2017).The research result showed that there is a very signifficant difference between pests attack to cauliflower that was given treatment by vegetal pesticide application from pineaple rind extract compared to cauliflower that was not getting vegetal pesticide from pineaple rind extract.This proves that secondary metabolite compound from pineaple rind indeed has potential as toxic substance for pests so it can be used as vegetal pesticide.

Conclusion
The use of vegetal pesticide from pineaple rind (Ananas comosus (l.) Merr var.cayenne) has the real effect to control the intensity of pests attack in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.botrytis L. subvar.Cauliflora DC.) with the most prominent treatment in P 4 (pineaple rind extract with 75% concentrate).

Suggestion
To all farmers, they need to use vegetal pesticide from pineaple rind as the solution for alternative pesticide which is cheap and environmentally friendly.It is necessary to do further research regarding plants that have potency as vegetal pesticide to overcome the plat-disturbing organisms (OPT).It is expected that this reseach can enhance knowledge and insight for etymology subject in plant metabolite compound that can help biological control.
squares GTS = group total squares TS = treatment squares ES = error squares

Table 1 .
The intensity of pests attack on the 21 st day after cultivation

Table 2 .
Analysis result of variance on the 21st day after cultivation

Table 3 .
Continued test BNJ level 5 % age 21 days after cultivation

Table 4 .
The intensity of pest attack at the age of 28 days after cultivation

Table 5 .
The result of variance analysis at the age of 28 days after cultivation Explanation: Variance coefficient = 1,5 (Source: research result, 2016).From the result of Fcount (212.30)>Ftabel (3.01) that makes pineaple rind extract succeed to decrease the intensity of pests attack Based on that data analysis, it can be inferred that the pineapple skin has a big impact in reducing pest intensity that attack cucumber plant.Explanation: *: real difference ( deviation > BNJ test) , (Source : result research, 2016).

Table 7 .
Insects Discovered During the Research