Higher Education Studies, Issue: Vol.16, No.4

The Hierarchical Cultivation Path of AI Literacy for Aviation Equipment Instructors under the SAMR Framework

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Artificial intelligence technology is accelerating the transition of military education towards intelligence, and the AI literacy of instructors in aviation equipment training institutions has become an important support for improving the quality and efficiency of maintenance support talent cultivation. This paper, using the SAMR technology integration framework and the "Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering" course as a specific approach, clarifies the main connotations of artificial intelligence literacy of instructors, analyzes the typical predicaments existing in the four levels of substitution, enhancement, modification and remodeling, and thereby proposes a systematic improvement path covering cognitive advancement, ability leap, thinking remodeling and mechanism guarantee. The article argues that the SAMR model provides a usable reference for the stratified cultivation of teachers' AI literacy and has certain practical value for promoting the teaching reform and the improvement of teachers' level in aviation equipment training institutions.

Enhancing Pre-service Teachers’ Scientific Inquiry Questioning through Generative AI-Supported Scaffolding

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This study examined pre-service science teachers’ scientific inquiry questioning ability and the types of inquiry questions generated before and after participating in learning activities using an AI-supported scaffolding strategy. A one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The research instruments consisted of (1) learning activities using an AI-supported scaffolding strategy, (2) a situational assessment of scientific inquiry questioning ability, and (3) criteria for evaluating scientific inquiry questions. The findings revealed that students’ scientific inquiry questioning ability improved from a moderate level before the intervention to a high level after the intervention, with the difference being statistically significant at the .05 level. In addition, the predominant type of students’ questions shifted from reasoning questions before the intervention to predictive or forecasting questions after the intervention. Students also reported that AI-generated feedback, together with instructor guidance, helped them identify weaknesses and refine their scientific inquiry questions. These findings suggest that AI-supported scaffolding can serve as a practical approach for supporting pre-service science teachers and science educators in designing learning activities that promote scientific inquiry in 21st-century classrooms.

Factors Influencing Vocational Students' Acceptance of Generative AI for Learning: A PLS-SEM Approach

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

The present study aimed to: (1) examine the levels of perception and opinion of vocational students toward factors influencing their acceptance and use of Generative AI (GenAI) for learning; (2) develop and validate a structural model of causal relationships among such factors; and (3) analyze the direct, indirect, and total effects of predictor variables on behavioral intention and actual use behavior. A sample of 500 students enrolled in Vocational Certificate (VC) and Higher Vocational Certificate (HVC) programs under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission was selected through stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a seven-point Likert scale questionnaire (reliability = 0.978) and analyzed via descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using ADANCO software.

Results revealed that vocational students held highly positive opinions regarding GenAI acceptance across all dimensions. The PLS-SEM analysis confirmed satisfactory model fit. Performance expectancy (β = 0.149, p < 0.05), effort expectancy (β = 0.138, p < 0.05), social influence (β = 0.127, p < 0.05), hedonic motivation (β = 0.194, p < 0.01), personal innovativeness (β = 0.262, p < 0.01), and trust (β = 0.147, p < 0.01) all had significant positive effects on behavioral intention. Privacy did not exert a significant effect on behavioral intention. Behavioral intention strongly predicted actual use behavior (β = 0.625, p < 0.01), with the model explaining 79.97% of variance in behavioral intention and 39.05% in use behavior. Findings highlight the growing importance of GenAI in vocational education and suggest that institutions should promote AI literacy, ethical AI practices, and supportive learning environments.

Transformational Leadership, Work Environment and Internal Marketing Enhance Organizational Effectiveness

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This paper uses Chinese higher education institutions as the research context, constructs a theoretical model based on survey data from 438 employees, and conducts empirical testing to explore the mechanisms by which transformational leadership, work environment, and internal marketing affect organizational effectiveness. Current research rarely explains the relationship among transformational leadership, the work environment, and organizational effectiveness from the perspective of internal marketing mechanisms. This study reveals the mediating path of internal marketing in higher education governance. The study uses descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the theoretical model. The results show that both transformational leadership and the work environment have significant positive effects on internal marketing and organizational effectiveness; internal marketing also has a significant positive effect on organizational effectiveness. Furthermore, internal marketing plays a mediating role between transformational leadership and organizational effectiveness, as well as between the work environment and organizational effectiveness. This study expands the theory of internal marketing in the context of non-profit organizations. It provides theoretical support and management guidance for improving the governance effectiveness of higher education institutions.

Latent Profiles of AI Literacy, Self-Directed Learning, and Creative Self-Efficacy among Art Students and Their Associations with Lifelong Learning Competence

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the resources art students use for learning and creative production, but technological knowledge, learning regulation, and creative confidence may not develop in parallel. This cross-sectional study used latent profile analysis to examine how self-reported AI literacy (AIL), self-directed learning (SDL), and a brief four-item contextualized measure of creative self-efficacy (CSE) co-occurred among 502 art students from three universities in Shaanxi Province, China. Four profiles were retained as a descriptive representation of the sample: moderate AIL-lower SDL/CSE (15.7%), lower AIL-moderate SDL/CSE (18.7%), higher AIL-moderate SDL/CSE (32.5%), and higher AIL-higher SDL/CSE (33.1%). CSE item loadings ranged from .673 to .724, with alpha = .785, omega = .786, and average variance extracted = .479, indicating adequate internal consistency but limited content coverage and marginal convergent validity. Replacing the four CSE items with their composite mean produced high classification agreement with the primary model (adjusted Rand index [ARI] = .869); removing CSE reduced agreement (ARI = .729) but retained substantial heterogeneity. Neither sensitivity specification uniquely supported four rather than three profiles. Prior AI-course experience distinguished the first profile from the higher AIL-higher SDL/CSE profile, and self-reported lifelong learning competence increased across the four profiles. The findings support flexible course designs, but the profiles remain sample- and specification-bound and should not be used for individual screening.

The Development of Digital Innovative Learning Media Based on the Professional Learning Community (PLC) Process for Participatory Learning

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This mixed-methods research and development study developed and preliminarily evaluated an integrated system of digital innovative learning media for participatory learning through a professional learning community (PLC) process. The reported study followed four R&D phases and focused on completed development evidence rather than the unfinished student-outcome component of the larger project. Participants included 500 teachers in a province-wide needs survey, 92 stakeholders in the selected target area, nine experts, 20 teachers and 120 students in a try-out, and 200 teachers in a one-group pretest-posttest professional-development study. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, the modified priority needs index (PNImodified), E1/E2 efficiency, a paired-samples t test, the standardized mean change d_av, and content analysis. Six design components were validated at high to highest levels. Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 had the highest development need (PNImodified = 0.58) and was selected as the implementation site. The KruDigital cloud platform comprised four modules and 15 screens, supported 20 augmented-reality and gamified reading-literacy media sets, and integrated a three-day workshop with eight weeks of school-based PLC, lesson study, and coaching. Try-out efficiency was 92.35/88.87, exceeding the predetermined 80/80 development criterion. Teachers' knowledge scores increased from M = 16.84 (SD = 3.92) to M = 25.67 (SD = 2.88), t(199) = 34.52, p < .001, d_av = 2.57. These findings provide developmental and preliminary evidence of feasibility and teacher learning; they do not establish causal effects or student learning outcomes.

Enhancing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practical Skills of the International Standards System for the Environmental Management (ISO14001: 2015)

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

The purposes of this research were to develop curriculum of the international standards system for the environmental management (ISO 14001: 2015) to be efficiency and effectiveness, to study and compare knowledge, attitude and practical skills about the international standards system for the environmental management on pre-test and post-test of the training and to compare knowledge, attitude and practical skills of the sample with different genders and ages. The sample were 34 community enterprise group representatives in Yang Talat district, Kalasin province, who voluntarily participated in the training. The tools were curriculum of ISO 14001: 2015, knowledge test, attitude test and practical skills test. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and hypothesis testing using t-test and F-test (One-Way MANOVA, One-Way MANCOVA). The finding showed that: 1) The curriculum of ISO 14001: 2015 was efficiency of 89.25/84.46, effectiveness of the activity index was equal to 0.7809. The sample’s average score of knowledge of ISO 14001: 2015 was more and effected to increased sample progress after learning at 78.09 percent. 2) The sample’ average scores of knowledge, attitude and practical skills about ISO 14001: 2015 on post-test were statistically significance higher than on pre-test (p<.05). 3) There was no difference of average scores of knowledge, practical skills about ISO 14001: 2015 of the sample with different genders. There was difference of average scores of attitudes toward ISO 14001: 2015 of the sample with different genders statistically significance (p<.05). There was no difference of average score of knowledge, attitude and practical skills about ISO 14001: 2015 of the sample with different ages.

Comfort versus Legitimacy? Student Perspectives on In-Course, Online, and AI-Mediated Assessment

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This study examines how final-year undergraduate economics students evaluate contemporary assessment practices in a period of rapid digital change. Using survey data from a cohort of final-year undergraduate economics students at a UK university, it analyses perceptions of in-course assessment, online assessment, and generative AI in relation to fairness, inclusivity, learning support, stress, and procedural legitimacy. Rather than treating assessment attitudes as one-dimensional, the paper combines item-level evidence with a small number of transparent summary measures to distinguish between different sources of student support and concern.

The findings reveal four main patterns. First, students evaluate in-course assessment positively overall, with especially strong support for its fairness and inclusivity. Second, this support is not unconditional: students value the reduction of final-exam stress through diversified assessment more strongly than they endorse the proportionality of in-course workload. Third, students view online assessment more positively in terms of comfort and convenience than in terms of fairness, integrity, and broader legitimacy. Fourth, generative AI is associated with substantial anxiety about penalties and uncertainty over acceptable use.

Although exploratory, the results highlight three practical priorities for assessment design: preserving the fairness and inclusivity benefits of diversified assessment, improving workload calibration, and developing clearer governance around AI use. More broadly, the study shows the value of treating student views on assessment as multidimensional, especially in increasingly digital and AI-mediated educational environments.

A Program to Strengthen Servant Leadership of University Library Department Heads in Nanning

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

The objectives of this research were: (1) to explore the existing situation, desirable situation, and the needs to develop servant leadership of university library department heads in Nanning; (2) to develop a program to strengthen servant leadership of university library department heads in Nanning. The study employed a mixed-methods research design consisting of two phases. Phase 1 explored existing situations, desirable situations, and the needs to develop servant leadership. The sample consisted of 202 library leaders, department heads, frontline librarians from five universities in Nanning. The research instrument was a 5-rating scales questionnaire. Phase 2 developed a program to strengthen servant leadership of university library department heads. Five experts in servant leadership were interviewed, and seven experts evaluated the program. Statistics used to analyze data were mean, standard deviation, and modified priority needs index.

The research found that: (1) The elements of servant leadership of university library department heads comprised four components: altruism, vision, empowerment, and influence, all of which were evaluated at a very high level of appropriateness. (2) The existing situation in all and each individual component was at a moderate level. The desirable situation in all and each individual component was at a very high level. The priority needs were ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Influence, Empowerment, Altruism, and Vision. (3) The program consisted of five major components: Rationale, Objectives, Content, Development Methods and Activities, and Measurement and Evaluation. The overall evaluations of the program’s appropriateness, feasibility, and utility were at a very high level.

Understanding Technology Acceptance in Virtual Electrical and Electronics Laboratories: Evidence from Chinese Higher Vocational Students

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Vocational education systems worldwide invest substantial capital in virtual simulation infrastructure, yet virtual laboratories deliver instructional value only if students continue to use them. This study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain acceptance of virtual electrical and electronics laboratories, a context distinguished by imperceptible target phenomena, physical hazard, and a strong emphasis on fault diagnosis, and a population largely absent from the international acceptance literature. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 409 students. The participants were higher vocational students enrolled at Sichuan Vocational and Technical College of Communications, China. All respondents had prior experience using virtual electrical and electronics laboratories as part of regular coursework, and the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (SmartPLS 4; 5,000 bootstrap subsamples), pairing conventional explanatory assessment with out-of-sample predictive evaluation via PLSpredict. All four hypotheses were supported. Perceived ease of use predicted perceived usefulness (β = 0.491) and attitude toward use (β = 0.252); perceived usefulness predicted attitude (β = 0.497); and attitude predicted behavioral intention (β = 0.597). The model explained 24.1%, 43.4%, and 35.6% of the variance in usefulness, attitude, and intention respectively, and returned positive Q²predict values for every endogenous indicator. Two findings refine TAM in this setting. Perceived usefulness exerted about twice the direct influence on attitude as ease of use (f² = 0.332 versus 0.085), with about half of ease of use's total effect transmitted indirectly through usefulness, indicating that usability operates as an enabling rather than a driving belief. Attitude, in turn, served as the complete conduit linking both beliefs to intention. For experienced vocational learners, instrumental value rather than operational convenience governs continued use, implying that design and procurement should prioritize curricular alignment and diagnostic depth over interface sophistication.

Predicting Teachers' Behavioral Intention to Adopt Generative AI in Teaching: An Integrated TAM-UTAUT Regression Model

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has entered classrooms faster than most institutions have been able to formulate policy, yet its instructional value ultimately depends on whether teachers choose to use it. This study examined the determinants of teachers' behavioral intention (BI) to use GenAI in teaching, drawing on an integrated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. Five predictors were specified: perceived ease of use (PEoU), perceived usefulness (PU), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), and anxiety (ANX). A cross-sectional survey was administered to 500 in-service teachers drawn from three Chinese educational institutions spanning medical higher education, vocational higher education, and primary education. Each construct was operationalized as a composite mean of its constituent items, and the model was estimated using the Regression module of SmartPLS 4 with bootstrapping (5,000 subsamples) to obtain confidence intervals. Collinearity diagnostics were acceptable (VIF = 1.046-1.238). The model accounted for 32.7% of the variance in behavioral intention (adjusted R² = .320). Perceived usefulness was the strongest predictor (β = .228, p < .001), followed by facilitating conditions (β = .206, p < .001), perceived ease of use (β = .198, p < .001), and social influence (β = .195, p < .001). Contrary to expectations, anxiety exerted no significant effect (β = .018, p = .631), with a bootstrap confidence interval that spanned zero. The findings indicate that teachers' adoption decisions are jointly driven by instrumental value and institutional provisioning, and that generalized technology anxiety is not, in itself, a barrier among teachers who already have practical exposure to GenAI. Implications for professional development design and institutional AI policy are discussed.

Industrial Engineering Students’ Acceptance of PLC Learning: A PLS-SEM Analysis Based on the Technology Acceptance Model

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

The increasing adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies has intensified the need for industrial engineering graduates to acquire competency in Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programming and industrial automation. Despite the growing implementation of PLC simulation software and digital laboratories, limited empirical research has examined the factors influencing students' acceptance of PLC learning. This study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the relationships among perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), attitude toward PLC learning (ATT), and behavioral intention to use PLC learning systems (BI). A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 399 undergraduate students from Sichuan Vocational and Technical College of Communications in China who had experience in PLC-related courses. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity, with outer loadings ranging from 0.797 to 0.886, composite reliability values between 0.882 and 0.911, and average variance extracted (AVE) values between 0.651 and 0.773. Both the Fornell-Larcker criterion and the heterotrait-monotrait ratio confirmed adequate discriminant validity. The structural model supported all proposed hypotheses. Perceived ease of use significantly influenced perceived usefulness (β = 0.416, p < .001) and attitude (β = 0.196, p < .001), perceived usefulness positively affected attitude (β = 0.372, p < .001), and attitude exerted the strongest influence on behavioral intention (β = 0.511, p < .001). The model explained 17.3% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 23.8% in attitude, and 26.1% in behavioral intention. The findings indicate that students' acceptance of PLC learning is most strongly associated with the perceived educational value of PLC instruction, while positive attitudes serve as the most important predictor of continued intention to engage with PLC learning. Multi-group analysis, preceded by measurement invariance testing, indicated that the effect of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness was significantly stronger for female than for male students, while the model was otherwise invariant across gender, year of study, and prior PLC experience. These results provide practical implications for designing learner-centered PLC curricula that integrate user-friendly learning environments with authentic industrial automation experiences.

Who Offloads and Who Co-Creates? Comparing Undergraduate and MBA Learners in Agent-Driven Business English Project-Based Learning

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Agent-driven instructional models are spreading rapidly in language education, yet the question of for whom such models work—and for whom they carry risks—has received little attention. Using the cognitive offloading-human-AI co-creation continuum as an analytic lens, this study compared two contrasting learner populations under the same agent-driven Business English project-based learning (PBL) model: first-year undergraduates (n = 30) and MBA students (n = 30). The two cohorts were taught by the same instructor with the same textbook and identical agent roles and interaction rules, and completed parallel versions of the same end-of-semester questionnaire (with minor wording adaptations for undergraduates), supplemented by open-ended responses. Analyses combined between-group comparisons, a seven-dimension profile comparison, an exploratory typological cluster analysis of offloading and co-creation, and hierarchical regression. Results showed that the two populations were strikingly similar in offloading containment and across all outcome dimensions: no between-group difference survived Holm correction (|d| <= 0.52), and the only medium-sized item-level difference was confidence in detecting errors in agent output (higher among MBA students, d = 0.67). The typological analysis indicated that the sample divided into a “deeply engaged” type (56.7%) and a “prudent self-reliant” type (43.3%) that cut across both cohorts, with high co-creation and elevated dependence signals co-occurring and the type distribution independent of cohort (p = .193). After controlling for gender, prior generative-AI experience, and use frequency, the incremental explanatory power of cohort approached zero (dR-squared <= .021). The findings suggest that under one and the same rule-governed design, “level is not destiny”: learner level should remain an explicit consideration in the design and scaling of agent-based pedagogy, but the unit of differentiation should descend to learner types, and differentiated design guidelines are derived accordingly.

The Co-4R+ Collaborative Supervision, Monitoring, and Evaluation Model: Enhancing Educational Management Quality in Schools under Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This study aimed to develop a collaborative supervision, monitoring, and evaluation model based on the Co-4R+ process to enhance the quality of educational management in schools under Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. A research and development (R&D) design was employed across four phases. Phase 1 examined current conditions and approaches to educational management through policy and contextual analysis, and established supervision guidelines and instruments. Phase 2 developed the model through drafting, expert validation, and refinement into the collaborative Co-4R model. Phase 3 implemented the model in 211 schools and examined outcomes against defined indicators. Phase 4 evaluated and refined the model by integrating digital technology, yielding the finalized Co-4R+ model. Instruments comprised questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, expert/model-evaluation forms, school self-assessment and national-test record forms, and reflection records; data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

The results showed that: 1) the model comprised six components—principles, objectives, scope, process, measurement and evaluation, and success conditions—operationalized through four steps (Co-Replan, Co-Render, Co-Recheck, and Co-Refine) integrated with digital technology; 2) all participating schools (100%) achieved an educational management rating of "very good" or higher and used the supervision results for continuous quality improvement; and 3) Phase 4 evaluators rated the model's appropriateness, feasibility, and utility at the highest level (M = 4.62, SD = 0.58), and stakeholders rated their satisfaction with the model at a high level (M = 4.32, SD = 0.49).

Happy University Administration Model of Shandong Province in the People's Republic of China

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

In the context of the high-quality development of higher education in China, the effectiveness of happy university governance has become an important indicator of governance quality, yet it remains systematically underrepresented in university administration models. This research aimed to explore the components of a Happy University Administration Model, develop it for universities in Shandong Province, the People's Republic of China, and verify its suitability, feasibility, and usefulness. Grounded in care ethics, positive psychology (PERMA), self-determination theory, and organizational well-being (Happy 8) frameworks, a three-phase mixed-methods design was adopted: Phase 1 identified key components through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 9 educational administration experts; Phase 2 constructed and validated the model using stratified random sampling questionnaire data from 351 lecturers at three Shandong universities; and Phase 3 evaluated the finalized model with 9 external experts. The research instruments comprised semi-structured interview forms, relevant questionnaires, and model evaluation forms, with data analyzed using means, standard deviations, content analysis, and reliability and validity analysis. The findings revealed a six-dimensional model comprising: 1) Institutional Support, 2) Psychological Care, 3) Social Connectedness, 4) Autonomous Development, 5) Value Realization, and 6) Positive Campus Culture. The overall implementation level of the model was rated at a high level (M = 4.28, SD = 0.32), and the model was consistent with the empirical data, as evidenced by the satisfactory goodness of fit of all model indices (χ² = 5.74, df = 5, p = 0.15; GFI = 0.99; AGFI = 0.97). All six components maintained a high level of implementation, ranked in descending order of mean score as follows: Value Realization (M = 4.42), Social Connectedness (M = 4.35), Psychological Care (M = 4.31), Institutional Support (M = 4.23), Autonomous Development (M = 4.18), and Positive Campus Culture (M = 4.15). Expert evaluation indicated that the model attained the highest level in suitability (M = 4.61, SD = 0.39) and usefulness (M = 4.55, SD = 0.41), and a high level in feasibility (M = 4.44, SD = 0.44), showing strong suitability, practical operability, and application value for university governance in Shandong Province and Chinese higher education institutions.

Organizational Learning and Organizational Innovation Performance in Vocational Colleges: The Serial Mediating Roles of Knowledge Sharing and Employee Innovation Capability

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Based on survey data from teachers in Chinese vocational colleges, this study examined the relationship between organizational learning and organizational innovation performance, and tested the serial mediating roles of knowledge sharing and employee innovation capability. Using validated scales of organizational learning, knowledge sharing, employee innovation capability, and organizational innovation performance, an anonymous questionnaire survey was administered to 605 teachers from 37 vocational colleges across 9 cities (prefectures) of Guizhou Province, China. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and bias-corrected bootstrapping. The results showed that: (1) organizational learning was significantly and positively correlated with organizational innovation performance (r = 0.82, p < 0.001); (2) organizational learning significantly and positively predicted organizational innovation performance (β = 0.61, p < 0.001); (3) knowledge sharing (β = 0.12, SE = 0.03, 95% CI [0.06, 0.18]) and employee innovation capability (β = 0.07, SE = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.12]) each served as a significant independent mediator in the relationship between organizational learning and organizational innovation performance, and together they formed a significant, though modest, serial mediating pathway (β = 0.02, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]). These findings suggest a mechanism through which organizational learning may be associated with organizational innovation performance in Chinese vocational colleges: systematic organizational learning and knowledge-sharing practices are linked to stronger teacher innovation capability, which in turn is associated with higher organizational innovation performance.

Designing School-Based Positive Recreational and Digital Media Literacy Activities for Preventing Risk Behaviors among Thai Adolescents: A Qualitative Study with School Stakeholders

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Adolescents increasingly navigate an interconnected digital environment where offline risk behaviors such as substance use, and gambling are mediated and amplified by online media. This qualitative study examined the lived experiences of Thai adolescents facing interconnected digital risks and evaluated stakeholder perspectives on school-based prevention initiatives. Data were collected through four focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews with school administrators, health and information and communication technology teachers (ICT teacher), guidance counsellors, general students, and identified at-risk (N = 32) in Bangkok, Thailand. Thematic analysis revealed four primary themes: (1) the clustering of digital risk behaviors (online gambling, vaping, legalized cannabis, and scam exposure); (2) the role of algorithmic marketing and peer channels in lowering perceived risk; (3) stakeholder preferences for interactive, game-based workshops and student-led digital media creation over passive lectures; and (4) operational and ethical prerequisites for integrating prevention programs into school routines without punitive sanctions. The findings demonstrated that enhancing multi-dimensional critical digital media literacy encompassing content evaluation, commercial intent analysis, and ethical digital citizenship—serves as a vital protective mechanism. Practical recommendations for school-based implementation and multidisciplinary collaboration are discussed.

Beyond the Barrier View of Risk: Content Quality, Trust and Informed Adoption in an Extended UTAUT Model of MOOC Acceptance among Educational Personnel

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are increasingly positioned as infrastructure for continuing professional development, yet the mechanisms through which educational personnel accept and use them remain incompletely specified. Drawing on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), the information systems success framework, and the trust–risk perspective, this study develops and tests an extended acceptance model that incorporates perceived content quality, trust, perceived risk, self-regulated learning, and digital–AI literacy. We collected survey data from 290 educational personnel in Thailand and screened for insufficient-effort responding, yielding an analytical sample of 270. We estimated the model using partial least squares structural equation modeling with 10,000 bootstrap subsamples, and assessed its predictive capability using PLSpredict and the cross-validated predictive ability test. The model explained 51.7% of the variance in behavioral intention and 42.1% in use behavior. Perceived content quality functioned as the principal upstream driver, exerting a very large effect on self-regulated learning and substantial effects on trust and effort expectancy. Trust was the strongest determinant of behavioral intention and significantly reduced perceived risk. Contrary to the conventional barrier view, perceived risk exerted significant positive effects on both behavioral intention and use behavior, a pattern interpreted as informed adoption. Effort expectancy influenced intention entirely through performance expectancy. This study discusses theoretical and practical implications for platform design and institutional policy.

Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Virtual Reality Research in Nursing Education: A Bibliometric and Science Mapping Analysis

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Virtual reality (VR) has moved rapidly from an experimental teaching aid to a mainstream component of pre-licensure and continuing nursing curricula, yet the knowledge base underpinning this shift has not been mapped during its period of steepest expansion. This study analyzed the performance and conceptual structure of research on VR in nursing education indexed in Scopus between 2018 and 2024. A Boolean query retrieved 423 records; after removing ineligible document types and non-English items, 331 documents were retained and analyzed using Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny) for performance analysis, three-field analysis, and strategic thematic mapping, and VOSviewer for keyword co-occurrence networks. The corpus comprised 331 documents from 115 sources and 1,251 authors, with a compound annual growth rate of 37.32%, a mean document age of 2.69 years and 16.01 citations per document. Annual output rose from 17 documents in 2018 to 114 in 2024, with 58.3% of the corpus published in the final two years; ten journals carried 53.5% of all output, and international co-authorship reached 13.29%. Co-word analysis resolved four clusters: simulation-based nursing education; digital and immersive learning technologies; technology design and human-computer interaction; and engineering-oriented applied simulation. The strategic diagram showed a well-developed but insufficiently central core theme, low-density transversal themes, a small niche cluster, and no theme occupying the motor quadrant. The field is therefore expanding rapidly while remaining pre-consolidated, with outcome measurement concentrated at the simulation boundary rather than at transfer to clinical practice.

Developing the Asset Management System for Universities in Guangxi, China

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

The objectives of this research were: 1) to explore the existing situations, desirable situations, and the needs to develop the asset management system for universities in Guangxi; and 2) to develop the asset management system for universities in Guangxi. Mixed methods research was employed, which was divided into two phases: Phase 1 was exploring existing situations, desirable situations, and the need to develop the asset management system for universities in Guangxi. The sample comprised 187 heads of asset divisions and heads of asset departments of universities in Guangxi, selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument was a five-point rating-scale questionnaire with reliability coefficients of 0.97 for the existing situation and 0.98 for the desirable situation. Phase 2 was developing the asset management system for universities in Guangxi. Informants were 5 experts who have experience in asset management, and 7 experts who joined connoisseurship and evaluated the system. The research instruments were an interview form and a system evaluation form. Statistics used to analyze data were mean, standard deviation, and modified priority needs index. The research results were: 1) The existing situation of the asset management system for universities in Guangxi in total, and in each element including input, process, and output was at a high level, whereas the desirable situation in total and in each element was at a very high level. The needs for developing the asset management system for universities in Guangxi were ranked, from high to low, as output, process, and input. 2) The asset management system for universities in Guangxi comprised the following: 2.1) Input, consisting of human resources; technology; budgets; and policy, laws, and regulations; 2.2) Process, consisting of four subsystems as work units, namely comprehensive asset management plan, technology integration, lifecycle management, and human capital development; 2.3) Output, consisting of integrated plan quality, efficient control, and service quality; and 2.4) Feedback, consisting of performance evaluation, asset audit, stakeholder feedback, risk report, and continuous improvement. The results of system evaluation were at a very high level of propriety and utility, and at a high level of feasibility.

Instructional Management Practices and Learning Engagement of High School Students in NC II Programs: The Mediating Role of Learners’ Self-Efficacy

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Student engagement is a critical factor in technical-vocational education, where learners are expected to develop both theoretical knowledge and practical competencies. This study examined the relationship between instructional management practices and learning engagement among high school students enrolled in NC II programs, with learners’ self-efficacy as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational research design with mediation analysis, the study involved 327 students from 20 selected public secondary schools offering NC II Home Economics programs in the Province of La Union, Philippines. Data were collected using structured self-report questionnaires measuring instructional management practices, learners’ self-efficacy, and learning engagement. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and bootstrapped mediation analysis were employed. The findings revealed that instructional management practices, learners’ self-efficacy, and learning engagement were all rated at high levels. Significant positive associations were found among the three variables. Regression analysis showed that instructional management practices and learners’ self-efficacy significantly contributed to learning engagement, explaining 53.9% of its variance, with learners’ self-efficacy demonstrating the stronger predictive contribution. Mediation analysis further revealed that learners’ self-efficacy partially and significantly mediated the relationship between instructional management practices and learning engagement, with 54.4% of the total effect mediated through the indirect pathway. The findings suggest that engagement among NC II learners is associated with both effective instructional management practices and learners’ confidence in performing competency-based tasks. Strengthening teacher-guided learning experiences and supporting learners’ self-efficacy may provide meaningful directions for enhancing engagement in technical-vocational learning environments.

Becoming an Educational Leader: A Phenomenological Exploration of Teachers’ Professional Identity and Experiences of Leadership Transition

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This study explores how practising teachers experience and make sense of their transition from classroom teaching towards educational leadership while pursuing postgraduate study in educational administration. The study focuses on teachers’ motivations, the personal and contextual circumstances surrounding their career transition, changes in professional identity, and the influence of postgraduate study on their perceptions of future professional possibilities. A qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach informed by van Manen was employed. Ten practising teachers enrolled in a master’s degree programme in educational administration were purposively selected. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and supplemented by field notes and a reflexive journal. The interview data were analysed through holistic, selective, and detailed reading, followed by the identification of meaning units, thematic development, and interpretive synthesis. Four interrelated themes emerged: (1) seeking greater influence beyond the classroom, (2) negotiating personal aspirations and contextual expectations, (3) negotiating the emerging identity of an educational leader, and (4) postgraduate study as a space for reimagining the professional future. The findings indicate that participants did not experience the transition towards educational administration simply as career advancement or movement from one occupational position to another. Rather, it was experienced as an evolving process of expanding professional influence, negotiating personal and contextual circumstances, and developing new understandings of leadership. Importantly, participants did not perceive becoming educational leaders as requiring the abandonment of their teacher identities. Their classroom knowledge, professional experiences, and commitment to students and teachers remained important resources for their emerging leadership identities. Postgraduate study functioned as a transitional space in which participants could reflect on their professional experiences, reconsider assumptions about leadership, and imagine possible professional futures. The essence of the experience is captured in the phrase “moving beyond the classroom without leaving the teacher behind.” The study suggests that the transition towards educational leadership is best understood as a process of professional becoming involving both continuity and transformation of teacher identity.

Board-Game-Integrated Active Learning and Grade 8 Students’ Science Achievement in the Respiratory System

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Students’ engagement and achievement in abstract biology topics, such as the human respiratory system, can be constrained by passive, lecture-based instruction. This study aimed to (1) develop a board-game-integrated active-learning unit on the respiratory system for Grade 8 students that met the 80/80 efficiency criterion and (2) compare students’ science learning achievement before and after instruction. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 25 Grade 8 students from one intact classroom at a public secondary school in Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand, selected through purposive sampling during the first semester of the 2025 academic year. The research instruments comprised two lesson plans totaling six hours of instruction, two board games, and a 30-item four-option multiple-choice achievement test (item-objective congruence = 1.00; difficulty = 0.53-0.70; discrimination = 0.28-0.57; Kuder-Richardson 20 reliability = 0.75). Formative performance was assessed using four rubric-scored worksheet activities. Data were analysed using percentages, means, standard deviations, the E₁/E₂ efficiency index, and a paired-samples t test. The instructional package achieved an E₁/E₂ efficiency of 86.30/88.67, exceeding the predefined 80/80 criterion. Mean achievement scores increased from 9.80 (SD = 2.92) on the pretest to 26.60 (SD = 2.53) on the posttest, t(24) = 20.679, p < .001. These findings indicate substantial within-group achievement gains following implementation of the board-game-integrated active-learning unit.

The Security-Status-Freedom Counselling Protocol: A Practice Model for Parent-Student Mismatch in International Higher Education Decisions

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Families making international higher education decisions often disagree not about the facts of a course, university or destination but about which priority those facts should serve, and existing research on college choice, parental influence and person-environment fit offers no session-level method for that situation. This conceptual article presents and theorises a five-stage counselling protocol for parent-student mismatch derived from the Security-Status-Freedom framework, which reads family conflict as the interaction of three orientations: security (risk, cost and employability), status (recognition) and freedom (autonomy and ownership). The protocol was developed by conceptual synthesis in two phases: a working sequence that emerged across many years of family counselling practice, and its subsequent formalisation against the framework and against attribution research, self-determination theory and interest-based negotiation, yielding stated discriminant boundaries between the orientations and a proposed mechanism for each stage. The five stages, surfacing the stated conflict, mapping the underlying orientation, validating without surrendering judgement, converting positions into conditions and building an integrated decision, are specified with aims, counsellor actions and mechanisms, and illustrated with composite vignettes. The protocol gives practitioners a structured method for stuck family decisions and yields four testable hypotheses with proposed measures and a feasibility-pilot design; it has not been independently validated, and its developer and illustrator are the same person, so stakeholder co-design, feasibility work and outcome studies are the necessary next steps.

Enhancing Retention of Students Who do not Pass Early, High Risk Courses in College

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Early courses play a pivotal role in shaping students’ retention and likelihood of graduation. Drawing on institutional data spanning four academic years from a southeastern U.S. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS), six high-risk first- and second-year courses were identified as being most strongly associated with degree non-completion when students do not pass these courses. They include a range of chemistry, calculus, economics, and career exploratory courses. Although this study does not establish causation, we recommend that college officials implement early alert systems and adopt intrusive advising practices to support students who do not pass these courses, so they do not drop out.

Administration of the Local Curriculum on “Durian at Ban Pa Daeng” at Ban Pa Daeng School, Kaeng Krachan District, Phetchaburi Province

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This action research aimed to (1) investigate local knowledge concerning durian in Ban Pa Daeng, (2) administer a local curriculum based on this knowledge, and (3) examine the outcomes of implementing the curriculum at Ban Pa Daeng School, Kaeng Krachan District, Phetchaburi Province. The target group comprised 105 participants: two school administrators, four teachers, 92 Grade 5 students, one community leader, four local wisdom experts, and two parents. Research instruments included interviews, focus-group discussions, the local curriculum and lesson plans, achievement tests, and evaluation forms. Data were analyzed using content analysis, means, standard deviations, and pretest-posttest score comparisons. The findings showed that local durian knowledge encompassed community history and geography, durian characteristics, soil preparation, cultivation, maintenance, irrigation and fertilization, pest prevention, pollination, fruit care, harvesting, cost and income calculation, and processing. Curriculum administration followed six stages: planning, curriculum development, quality review, implementation, supervision and monitoring, and curriculum evaluation. The resulting Grade 5 curriculum comprised five learning units totaling 20 hours and integrated four learning areas; its overall appropriateness was rated very high (M = 4.81, SD = 0.40). Students’ posttest scores (M = 25.73, SD = 1.79) exceeded their pretest scores (M = 16.10, SD = 1.67) by 9.63 points. Practical skills, desirable characteristics, and curriculum satisfaction were also rated very high. The study concludes that community-resource- and local-wisdom-based curriculum administration can effectively enhance students’ knowledge, skills, desirable characteristics, and pride in their locality.

Extending UTAUT with Metacognition and Self-Regulation: Evidence on Generative AI Use among University Students

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has diffused through higher education faster than the structures meant to govern it, yet acceptance research still treats adoption as a terminal outcome rather than as an event embedded in students' self-regulation. This study extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by specifying metacognitive awareness (META) and self-regulated learning (SRL) as mediators between the four UTAUT determinants and behavioural intention (BI), and BI predicts self-reported use of GenAI as a cognitive partner (AU). Responses from 451 students at seven Thai Rajabhat universities were analysed with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM; SmartPLS 4; 10,000 bootstrap subsamples). Internal consistency was very high (above .95 for six of eight constructs), indicating partial item redundancy, and discriminant validity was supported under HTMT.90. Facilitating conditions, operationalised largely as perceived institutional guidance and support, showed the strongest associations with META (β = .595) and SRL (β = .514) but no significant direct association with intention (β = .061, p = .430); their only significant indirect association with intention ran through META (β = .186), a pattern consistent with indirect-only mediation. Social influence was the strongest direct predictor of intention (β = .357), followed by META (β = .312); effort expectancy and SRL did not predict intention. The model explained 62.1% to 70.9% of endogenous variance and showed out-of-sample predictive relevance. Given the cross-sectional, single-source design and full-collinearity diagnostics indicating possible common-method variance, the findings are interpreted as associations compatible with, but not establishing, the proposed mechanisms.

Creativity, Psychological Capital, and Stress Resistance as Predictors of Academic Achievement: Evidence from Postgraduate Fine Arts Students

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This study investigates the relationships among creativity, psychological capital, stress resistance, and academic achievement within Fine Arts education. Using product-of-coefficients (delta-method) tests of the indirect effects, it examines how psychological capital and stress resistance mediate the impact of creativity on academic performance among postgraduate Fine Arts students. Data were collected from 418 Chinese postgraduate students at a private university, employing validated instruments: the Self-Rated Creativity Scale, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Academic Performance Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. The findings reveal that psychological capital fully mediates the relationship between creativity and academic achievement, whereas stress resistance functions as a partial mediator. These results underscore the pivotal role of psychological resources and stress management in harnessing creativity to enhance academic outcomes. The study suggests that educational institutions should incorporate psychological well-being initiatives and stress-resilience training into their curricula to promote creative development and academic excellence. Ultimately, this study enriches the discourse on holistic student development by bridging creativity and academic achievement through psychological capital and stress resistance.

Designing Modular Active Learning for Vocational Chemistry: A Role-Differentiated Framework for Chinese Higher Vocational Education

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Chemistry supports professional learning in Chinese higher vocational education, yet first-year students may enter these courses with uneven conceptual and quantitative preparation. They must coordinate observable phenomena, submicroscopic explanations, symbolic representations, calculations, and practical procedures. Active learning and modular course design address different aspects of these demands, but their integration requires explicit attention to disciplinary fit and classroom implementation. This conceptual paper proposes the Modular Active Learning Intervention (MALI), a framework developed in this article through a theory-guided synthesis of research on chemistry learning, active learning, modular course design, instructional development, and psychological outcomes. Cognitive load theory and constructivism inform instructional design, whereas self-determination theory, social cognitive theory, and a cognitive-affective perspective provide distinct lenses for interpreting motivation, self-efficacy, and attitude. The framework translates these roles into ten 90-minute modules, each with a principal active-learning mechanism, teacher guidance, formative evidence, and individual accountability. It also distinguishes evidence of developmental readiness, implementation fidelity, and comparative student outcomes. Four propositions specify how the package and its proposed psychological outcomes could be evaluated. MALI is presented as an operational synthesis for vocational chemistry, not as an established intervention with demonstrated effects. Its contribution is a theoretically bounded instructional structure that can be developed, implemented, and tested in context.

Developing a Supervision Model by Network Partners to Develop Pre-Service Teachers through a Professional Learning Community

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This research aims to: 1) draft a supervision model by network partners to develop pre-service teachers through a professional learning community; 2) develop a supervision model by network partners to develop pre-service teachers through a professional learning community; and 3) evaluate the use of the supervision model by network partners to develop pre-service teachers through a professional learning community. This research is a mixed-methods study. The research methodology was divided into three phases: Phase 1, drafting a supervision model by network partners to develop pre-service teachers through a professional learning community, involving 9 experts as informants. Focus group discussions were the research tool, and data were analyzed using content analysis. The research findings revealed that the supervision model by network partners to develop pre-service teachers through a professional learning community comprises: 1) principles of the model, 2) objectives of the model, 3) content of the model, 4) measurement and evaluation of the model, and 5) conditions for the model's success. Phase 2, developing a supervision model by network partners to develop pre-service teachers through a professional learning community. 9 experts provided input to evaluate the model. The evaluation tool used was an assessment of the model's propriety, feasibility, and utility. Statistical analysis included the mean and standard deviation. The research findings indicated that the propriety, feasibility, and utility of the model were at the highest level. Phase 3 evaluated the use of the supervision model by network partners to develop pre-service teachers through a professional learning community. The process involves: 1) the model was implemented with 3 pre-service teachers; 2) the informants consisted of 12 network partners, including lecturers, school administrators, mentor teachers, and educational supervisors; and 3) seven experts evaluated the model. The research instruments consisted of a behavioral and learning management competency observation form, a pre-service teachers’ competency evaluation form, and a model implementation evaluation form. The statistics used for data analysis were the mean and standard deviation, and content analysis. The research results are as follows: 1) observations of all three pre-service teachers showed significant improvement in their competencies in planning and designing learning management, organizing active learning activities, selecting and using media and technology, classroom management, and measuring and evaluating learning outcomes. The improvement progressed from basic learning management skills in the first session to higher-quality learning management in the second session. 2) The results of the pre-service teachers’ competencies assessment were at the highest level. 3) The results of the assessment of the model's utility were at the highest level.

Self-Directed but Not Business-Ready: The Entrepreneurial Learning Paradox among Generation Z Communication Arts Graduates

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This qualitative study examined how Generation Z Communication Arts graduates directed their learning while preparing for entrepreneurship and how they perceived their readiness. Twenty recent graduates from nine Thai universities were purposively selected. Data from semi-structured discussions were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis. Five interconnected themes emerged: establishing learning purposes, recognizing competency gaps, seeking knowledge through digital resources, learning through practice and repetition, and reflecting on outcomes. Participants described initiative, creativity, and active resource seeking alongside perceived gaps in finance, accounting, taxation, management, and risk assessment. Digital resources offered accessible information, but verification practices varied. Peers, mentors, and specialists provided feedback and complementary expertise. The findings identified a readiness paradox: ownership of learning coexisted with uncertainty about meeting business demands. This distinction suggests that learning initiative should not be treated as evidence of business competence. Entrepreneurship education could address this gap by integrating disciplinary strengths with foundational business knowledge, critical information evaluation, practical experimentation, structured reflection, and accessible mentoring. These recommendations may support comparable graduate transitions when adapted to specific disciplinary contexts.

How Is Intellectual Property Management Taught and Assessed in Higher Education? A Focused Scoping Review of Assessment-Reporting Sources

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Intellectual property (IP) competence is important in higher education as learners engage with innovation, entrepreneurship, commercialization, and knowledge-intensive professional practice. This focused scoping review examined how IP learning is assessed and evaluated in higher education and used assessment-reporting sources to characterize the curricular and pedagogical contexts in which those assessments occurred. Searches identified 1,333 records; after duplicate removal, screening, and detailed eligibility assessment, 109 sources met the broader IP-education eligibility criteria. Assessment reporting was then applied as an additional analytical criterion, resulting in 27 sources for the focused synthesis. Within this deliberately selected subset, patents and patent practice were the most frequently represented content areas, followed by copyright, trademarks, and other IP rights; strategic IP management, valuation, ethics, and governance were less prominent. Intended learning outcomes commonly extended from conceptual understanding toward practical, entrepreneurial, and strategic capabilities, but the available assessment evidence varied substantially in directness. Course or program evaluation and knowledge or awareness measures were prominent; seven sources used authentic IP performance tasks, while the nine sources reporting empirical educational outcomes ranged from direct or observed performance evidence to structured survey measures and indirect self-reports. These findings characterize assessment-reporting sources rather than the prevalence or effectiveness of practices across IP education as a whole. They support clearer distinction among program evaluation, indirect learner evidence, and demonstrated performance, together with more transparent reporting of assessment design.

Learning Management to Promote Future Skills for Student Teachers: A Case Study of Social Studies Student Teachers at Songkhla Rajabhat University, Thailand

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This mixed-methods case study examined instructional management and future-skill needs in higher-education social studies teacher preparation, developed community-based learning activities for the Social Studies Pedagogy course, and examined changes in six future-skill domains among student teachers. The participants were 30 third-year Social Studies student teachers enrolled at Songkhla Rajabhat University in the first semester of the 2025 academic year. Qualitative data were obtained from curriculum and document analysis, expert interviews, observations, and reflections; quantitative data were obtained from achievement measures, activity and lesson-plan evaluations, and pre- and post-intervention assessments of future skills. The six domains identified and used consistently throughout the study were digital skills, lifelong learning skills, social skills, creativity and innovation skills, flexibility and adaptability skills, and critical thinking skills. The community-based lesson plans achieved an efficiency index of 88.25/88.75. Learning-achievement scores increased from M = 14.23 (SD = 1.41) to M = 18.07 (SD = 1.28), t(29) = 17.84, p < .001, Cohen's dz = 3.26. Descriptively, the overall future-skill mean increased from 4.701 (SD = 0.702) before the intervention to 5.225 (SD = 0.549) after the intervention. Because the study used one intact cohort without a control group, the findings should be interpreted as evidence of change within this course context rather than as proof of causal effectiveness. The study contributes a contextually grounded model for connecting community-based social studies learning with future-skill development in teacher education.

The Development of Micro Game-Based Learning Model on Intelligent Metaverse Learning Environment

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

This study aimed to synthesize, develop, and evaluate the Micro Game-Based Learning Model on Intelligent Metaverse Learning Environment. The study integrated Microlearning, Game-Based Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Metaverse technologies to create a learning environment that provides short learning units, interactive game-based activities, and simulated communication situations. The research objectives were to (1) synthesize the learning process, (2) develop the learning model, and (3) evaluate the learning model. The evaluation panel consisted of three experts from various academic institutions. The experts were selected based on their experience at least 3 years in education, instructional design and development, particularly in teaching English for communication. The research instruments consisted of the learning model, learning platform, and an expert evaluation questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics according to the research objectives. The findings indicated that the appropriateness of the developed learning model was evaluated at a highest level (Mean = 4.93, SD = 0.24). The findings suggest that integrating Microlearning, Game-Based Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and an Intelligent Metaverse Learning Environment provides a feasible approach for developing technology-supported English communication learning.

Implementing A Constructivism-Situated Learning Model of Chinese Pre-service Kindergarten Teachers: Observed Outcomes in Problem-solving and Collaboration Skills

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Problem-solving and collaboration skills are widely recognized as essential competencies for pre-service kindergarten teachers, yet Chinese teacher preparation programs have struggled to bridge the gap between theoretical instruction and practical application. This study reports the implementation outcomes of an eight-component instructional model grounded in constructivism and situated learning theory. The intervention was delivered over one academic semester to 36 second-year preschool education students in China. Using a one-group pre-test-post-test design, problem-solving skills were measured before and after the intervention, while collaboration skills were assessed at five time points during instruction. Because no control or comparison group was included, the findings are interpreted as observed changes associated with the instructional model rather than as causal effects. Results showed that the total problem-solving score changed from 71.69 to 79.11 (t = 13.28, p < .001, Cohen’s d = 2.21). Collaboration skills exhibited a stepwise pattern across five dimensions, with score rates rising from 66.60% to 96.60%. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of dimension (F = 432.62, p < .001, partial η² = 0.925). A consistent pattern emerged across both skill areas: behavioral-level competencies showed larger observed gains than deeper-level qualities, suggesting that these deeper capacities may require longer cultivation periods. These implementation findings offer preliminary evidence for integrating constructivist and situated learning principles in pre-service teacher education. They should be interpreted with caution given the single-group design, single intact class, and reliance on observer/self ratings. Future controlled and multi-source studies are needed.

Mapping Digital and Experiential Project-Based Learning in STEM Education: A Scientometric Analysis of Curriculum, Engagement and Research Fronts

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:07:42 +0000

Digital and experiential project-based learning (PBL) has become a prominent response to the demand for authentic, technology-mediated STEM instruction, yet existing bibliometric mappings of this literature have been confined to a single database, a single educational level or a window shorter than a decade. This study reports a scientometric analysis of the field for 2015-2024. A five-facet Boolean query was executed in Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection in April 2025. After removal of ineligible document types (n = 230) and cross-database duplicates (n = 666), 2,103 records were analysed in ScientoPy 2.1.3 using total output, average growth rate (AGR), average documents per year (ADY) and percentage of documents published in the last years (PDLY). Journal articles (n = 930) and conference papers (n = 757) dominated; review articles, although few (n = 68), showed the highest recency (PDLY = 25.0%), signalling a field entering consolidation. Author keywords concentrated on “project-based learning” (n = 307), “experiential learning” (n = 221) and “virtual reality” (n = 129), while “online learning” declined (AGR = −2), consistent with terminological migration. The United States led absolute output (n = 594), but Indonesia (PDLY = 44.8%) and India (PDLY = 30.3%) accelerated most steeply. Individual and institutional productivity was flat and unconcentrated: no author exceeded eight documents and no institution exceeded nine. The study contributes the first decade-scale, two-database performance and thematic map of digital PBL in STEM education and identifies assessment methodology, artificial-intelligence integration and cross-system comparative work as principal research fronts.

Science Competency Profile of Out-of-Field Teachers in Small Schools: An Exploratory Case Study in Chaiyaphum, Thailand

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:10:01 +0000

As Thailand implements a nationwide competency-based curriculum, the prevalence of out-of-field science teachers in small schools presents a critical challenge to instructional quality. This exploratory study investigates the science competency profiles of 50 out-of-field teachers in Chaiyaphum Province, employing a post-training self-assessment framework to evaluate their self-perceived proficiency levels. Findings indicate an overall competency level in the high range (M = 4.02). A clear pattern emerged: participants demonstrated strong theoretical understanding, particularly in identifying scientific problems (M = 4.58), yet returned consistently lower ratings on practical pedagogical skills. The lowest ratings were recorded in conducting scientific experiments and in explaining the societal applicability of scientific knowledge (both M = 3.38), followed by evaluating methods of scientific investigation (M = 3.42) and designing activities to address student misconceptions (M = 3.44). These results highlight a persistent disconnect between theoretical knowledge and its classroom application. As a post-training snapshot without a baseline or comparison group, this study does not evaluate the effectiveness of any professional development program; rather, it documents the competency profile that remains and the areas where support may still be needed. Future support models should extend beyond content mastery to prioritize experiential, practice-based learning and the enhancement of teachers' self-efficacy in science education.

Mapping the Research Landscape of Artificial Intelligence and Lifelong Learning: A Scientometric Analysis Using ScientoPy

Fri, 16 Oct 2026 11:19:53 +0000

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and lifelong learning has attracted growing educational, computational, and policy attention, yet its intellectual structure has not been mapped systematically. This study reports a scientometric analysis of the AI-lifelong learning literature indexed in Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection between 2014 and 2024. Records retrieved from both databases (N = 347) were merged and duplicated in ScientoPy, yielding 259 unique documents. Research momentum was quantified with three time-normalized indicators, average growth rate (AGR), average documents per year (ADY), and percentage of documents published in the last years (PDLY), across six analytical dimensions. Output grew from one document in 2014 to 116 in 2024; across the five principal document types (n = 220), 70.5% of records appeared in 2023-2024. Conference papers (41.3%) and journal articles (38.2%) predominated, with articles expanding fastest (AGR = 21.5; PDLY = 71.7%). Education & Educational Research recorded the highest normalized momentum among subject categories (AGR = 7.0; PDLY = 89.5%). Lifelong learning (n = 57) and artificial intelligence (n = 53) anchored the keyword field, while ChatGPT and Higher Education emerged entirely within the final two years. The United States led in volume (n = 57), whereas India (n = 29; PDLY = 89.7%) showed the strongest recent acceleration. Triangulating these indicators suggests, as an interpretive inference rather than a network-based measurement, that the corpus comprises three largely separate epistemic communities sharing a label but not a research program, framing an agenda for integrative, ethically grounded scholarship.

An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of Lifelong Learners’ Attributes Among English Language Teaching (ELT) Teachers in Myanmar’s Higher Education Institutions

Sat, 17 Oct 2026 11:18:50 +0000

This study examined the levels and underlying factor structure of lifelong learners’ attributes reported by English language teaching (ELT) teachers in Myanmar’s higher education institutions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 330 teachers using a questionnaire comprising 10 demographic questions and 50 items across six conceptual domains. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were applied. Minimum Residual extraction with Oblimin rotation produced a five-factor solution comprising 44 retained items: Collaborative Mindset, Digital Adaptability, Pedagogical Innovation, Reflective Capacity and Higher-Order Thinking, and Learning Autonomy and Self-Management. The five factors explained 51.1% of the total variance, and the final scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .958). ELT teachers reported high levels across all six original conceptual domains. The findings provide preliminary evidence of the scale’s internal structure and offer a foundation for further validation and research on lifelong learners’ attributes among ELT teachers in Myanmar’s higher education institutions. The findings have practical implications for 1) institutional policies, 2) teacher professional development, and 3) the design of targeted continuous professional development (CPD) programs to strengthen lifelong learners’ attributes among ELT teachers.

Development of Interactive Media Learning for Flood Risk Education: Enhancing Flood Knowledge in Tha Than, Eastern Thailand

Mon, 19 Oct 2026 13:39:28 +0000

This study developed and evaluated interactive digital learning media that translate local flood evidence from Tha Than Subdistrict, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand, into flood risk education. A research and development design were used with two objectives: (1) to design and develop the media from local flood evidence and to evaluate their quality and efficiency (E₁/E₂), and (2) to compare flood knowledge before and after use of the media. Local evidence was drawn from field surveys at three monitoring points along Khlong Tha Lat, geospatial analysis, and historical flood records. The media comprised a flood watch map, a 7-minute 47-second animation, “Ru Thao Than Nam Thuam” (Flood-Wise), and a scenario-based water-level interpretation activity. Five experts evaluated the storyboard and the animation. Fifteen Grade 5-6 students took part in a pilot of the scenario-based activity, and a field trial of 35 participants (the same 15 students and 20 pre-service teacher trainees) completed a flood-knowledge pre-test and post-test and a media quality and satisfaction questionnaire. The villages were classified into three flood-risk levels—high (Villages 1, 2, and 5), moderate (Village 6), and low (Villages 3, 4, and 7) which corresponded to the floods recorded in 2018-2022. Experts rated the 12-scene storyboard and the animation at the highest level in every domain (Mean = 4.80-5.00), and all IOC values were 1.00. The scenario activity yielded a process efficiency of E₁ = 90.00 (N = 15), whereas the field-trial post-test yielded an outcome efficiency of E₂ = 90.00 (N = 35). Because the two values were obtained from different samples, they are reported as separate, sample-specific indicators, each of which exceeded the 80% criterion. Flood knowledge rose significantly from a pre-test mean of 10.53 to a post-test mean of 13.50 (out of 15), t(34) = 7.21, p < .01, Cohen’s d = 1.22. Participants rated the media’s quality and usability at the highest level overall (Mean = 4.58). The results support the content quality, usability, and short-term effect of the media on flood knowledge. Because a one-group pretest-posttest design was used and flood risk awareness and community preparedness were not measured with pre/post instruments, the findings should not be interpreted as evidence of improved community preparedness.

Teaching Performance and Self-Efficacy among PTRU-Oriented Pre-Service English Teachers during Teaching Practicum

Wed, 21 Oct 2026 03:09:09 +0000

The Professional Teacher of Rajabhat University (PTRU) Model provides a competency-oriented framework for teacher preparation at Rajabhat Universities in Thailand. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, this study examined teaching performance, teaching self-efficacy, and practicum experiences among 28 fourth-year pre-service English teachers during the second semester of their year-long school-based practicum within a PTRU-oriented teacher education program. Teaching performance was examined using practicum-based professional competency assessments covering Learning Management, Parent and Community Relations, and Teacher Duties and Professional Ethics, while teaching self-efficacy was measured using the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES). Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to explore participants’ teaching and professional experiences during practicum. Teaching performance scores were toward the upper end of the assessment scale and were higher across successive assessment periods, from 89.15% in the first period to 92.47% in the third. Teacher Duties and Professional Ethics showed the highest relative performance (94.12%), followed by Learning Management (91.45%) and Parent and Community Relations (89.88%). Teaching self-efficacy was also toward the upper end of the TSES scale (M = 7.54, SD = 0.38), with Classroom Management showing the highest mean. Interview findings reflected participants’ experiences of adapting teaching to classroom realities, feeling confident in some areas while remaining uncertain in others, responding to learners’ needs, and recognizing both the value and limitations of university preparation. The findings provide complementary perspectives on practicum outcomes by considering professionally evaluated performance, perceived teaching capability, and participants’ experiences of teaching within PTRU-oriented teacher preparation.

Mapping Artificial Intelligence Research in Business and Management Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis

Wed, 21 Oct 2026 03:19:03 +0000

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping business and management higher education, yet the field remains dispersed across educational, managerial, and technological conversations. This study maps that literature through a reproducible bibliometric review of Dimensions.ai records published from 2017 to 2025. The search and final export were completed on August 22, 2026. PRISMA 2020-guided screening retained 352 English-language open-access articles, chapters, and monographs. Descriptive indicators were combined with VOSviewer 1.6.20 analyses of co-authorship, contributor citations, cited-author co-citation, and title-and-abstract term co-occurrence.

Annual output increased from 1 publication in 2017 to 191 in the complete 2025 publication year. Citation impact was concentrated in a small number of recent studies, while the co-authorship network remained fragmented into several small groups. Country results placed the United Kingdom first among records with affiliation metadata, although country information was missing for 182 of 352 records. After removing metadata artifacts, the most frequent title-and-abstract terms included intelligence, ChatGPT, business, opportunity, assessment, and engagement. The study contributes a transparent, multi-layer map of an emerging field and identifies priorities for curriculum design, assessment, responsible AI governance, and stronger cross-institutional collaboration.