Applied the Technology Acceptance Model in Designing a Questionnaire for Mobile Reminder System

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Introduction
In recent years, emphasis on improving the quality of care provided by the hospitals has increased significantly and continues to gain momentum.In addition, the rapid expansion of mobile Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) within health service delivery and public health systems has created a range of new opportunities to deliver new forms of interactive health services to patients, clinicians, and caregivers alike.
Not taking prescribed medication and noncompliance can have serious health consequences.The reasons why people forget or don't take medications are varied.Maybe the doctor didn't explain how to take it properly.Maybe they feel better and think they don't need the medicine anymore.Elderly and Alzheimer's patients forgetting to take medications it is a common problem for them.Since elderly and Alzheimer's patients obliviousness causes social inconvenience and psychical complaint, they often forget daily schedules and miss their personal belongings such medication.Moreover, while barriers to medication adherence are complex and varied, but the most common reason cited by patients, Elderly and Alzheimer's patients, is that they simply forgot to take their medication.

Materia
The decisi (Kanaan,  This initial phase focuses on understanding the research objectives and requirements from an environment perspective, then converting this knowledge into a problem definition and a preliminary plan designed to achieve the objectives.The output of this phase is proposal.
Phase 2: Theoretical Analysis During this phase suggest a tentative design based on the problem definition to achieve the objectives of the study.The output of this phase is tentative design.

Phase 3: Design and Development
The Tentative Design will be implemented.The output of this phase is artifact.

Phase 4: Evaluation and Result
The evaluation was performed to determine the correctness of the system mobile tracking Model.It utilized a quantitative approach based a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).The output of this phase is acceptance.The last phase of proposed research methodology, it is the finale of a specific study effort.The output of this phase is documentation.

Technology Acceptance Model
There are many theoretical perspectives have been developed in order to understand how end users make decisions to use technology applications.Theories provide tools to understand success or failure in implementation processes of new IT applications.The most dominant theories in IT research are Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) (Rogers, 1995), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh et al., 2003), the FITT framework (Ammenwerth et al., 2002) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989;Davis et al., 1989).
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis 1989;Davis et al., 1989) is possibly the most frequently used among all other theories (Ma and Liu, 2004;Kim and Chang, 2007;Yarbrough and Smith 2007).TAM theory is based on principles adopted from Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), attitude paradigm from psychology, which specifies how to measure the behavior-relevant components of attitudes, distinguishes between beliefs and attitudes and specifies how external stimuli are causally linked to beliefs, attitudes and behavior.The theoretical model on which TAM is based is the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA).TRA is a general model which is concerned with individuals intended behaviors.According to TRA an individual's performance is determined by the individual's attitude and subjective norms concerning the behavior in question.In addition an individual's beliefs and motivation interact with existing behavior.(Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980).
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) determines the user acceptance of any technology perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) factors.PU defines as the degree to which an individual believes that using a particular system will enhance the task performance.PEOU defines as the degree to which an individual believes that using a particular system is free of physical and mental effort (Davis, 1989;Davis et al., 1989;Davis, 1993).The TAM suggests that intention to accept technology is determined directly by attitude, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.According to TAM individuals' intention to use technology determines the actual use of the application, and attitudes toward technology affect the intention (Davis et al., 1989;Davis and Venkatesh, 2004).
Perceived usefulness and perceived ease factors are affected by various external variables such as level of education (Burton-Jones and Hubona 2005), gender (Venkatesh and Morris, 2000), or organizational features such as training in computer use (Venkatesh, 1999).
TAM theory is widely used in research contexts as well as with several types of technology applications (Chau and Hu, 2001;Lee et al., 2006;Raitoharju, 2007;Yarbrough and Smith, 2007).TAM uses for generating explanations for the factors of technology acceptance that are transferable to different user populations and different kinds of technologies.
Many different contexts and research constructions have conformed the validity of the TAM model (Ma and Liu, 2004;King and He, 2006), including in health care industry (Chau and Hu, 2002a;2002b;Chismar and Wiley-Patton, 2002).
In this study the TAM theory will be used for the purpose of this study, to structure the research process and to help enhance the understanding of the acceptance and use of mobile reminder system.Individual factors such as age and gender are external variables in the study.Perceived usefulness is assessed by means of the content and benefits of mobile reminder system that will help the target groups to remember what they may forget, and helping care providers to take care and save their effort and time.The functionality of the application described perceived ease of use of the system.Elderly and Alzheimer's patients can use this application by themselves easily by a simple screens designed specially to help them to remember, or can get some help from their care provider by using care provider page.

Related Literature in TAM
The standard code categorizes quality into practicality, Perceived of Perceived Ease of Use, Usefulness, Attribute of Usability and User Satisfaction.This study aims to build of these classes to research the user acceptance of the projected eight queens chess puzzle game system.
From the attitude of Technology Acceptance Model Perceived of Perceived Ease of Use, Usefulness, Attribute of Usability and User Satisfaction are assumed to be connected to the acceptance of a technology or computer system, during this study the acceptance of AN eight queens chess puzzle game system.
Technology Acceptance Model is one among the foremost fashionable theories that's used wide to elucidate data system usage such a big amount of studies are conducted that has semiconductor diode to the changes within the originally suggested model.Taylor and Todd (1995) proposed the combined TAM-TPB model which integrated the theory of planned behavior and TAM.Venkatesh and Davis (2000) suggested a new version of TAM called TAM2 which added new variables to the original TAM model.Venkatesh et al. (2003) in a study published in MIS quarterly proposed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model.There are many studies conducted by authors have attempt to modify the TAM by including new variables to the existing model.In the study by Moon and Kim (2001) are added a new variable playfulness factors to study acceptance of the World Wide Web.Chau (1996) has included two types of perceived usefulness: Long-term and near-term.Van der Heijden (2000) has analyzed the usage of the website and usage individual acceptance by adding two constructs to TAM: Perceived presentation attractiveness and Perceived entertainment value.Furthermore (Abu-Dalbouh et al., 2015) for the purpose to evaluate the institutional and academic performance in College of Sciences and Arts in Unaizah-Qassim University has modified a technology acceptance model.Chau and Hu (2001) has combined TAM with the factor of peer Influence.Sanchez-Franco and Roldan (2005) have investigate the relationship between behavioral intention and perceived usefulness and conclude that is strong among goal-directed users.Chau and Hu (2001) has compared three models Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and a decomposed TPB model that is potentially adequate in the targeted healthcare professional setting in Hong Kong.The study indicated and conclude that TAM was superior to TPB in explaining the physicians' intention to use telemedicine technology.Shih (2004) combined the TAM and the information behavioral model that takes notice of the relevance of the information.Lee (2009) combined the Technology Acceptance Model with Theory of Planned Behavior, perceived risk and perceived benefit to understand the adoption of internet banking.TAM has been used by researchers worldwide to understand the acceptance of different types of information systems.Shafeek (2011) has used the TAM to evaluate the acceptance of e-Learning systems by teachers.Zhou et al. has proposed a new model called Online Shopping Acceptance Model (OSAM) based on TAM to investigate online shopping behavior.Pavlou (2003) has added trust and perceived risk as new variables to predict the acceptance of e-commerce.Pikkarainen et al. (2004) has developed model to understand the acceptance online banking in Finland, information in online banking and perceived usefulness play a very important role.Hsu and Chiu suggested a model that specifies that the acceptance pattern and role of internet self-efficacy plays an important role in e-service adoption.Ervasti and Helaakoski (2010) have developed a model based on TAM and TPB to understand mobile service adoption which states that perceived useful is the strongest factor in adoption.Muller-Seitz et al. (2009) used the Technology Acceptance Model with security concern to understand acceptance of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).Abu-Dalbouh (2013) in the study designed a technology acceptance model to investigate the user acceptance of using a handheld solution in healthcare industry.Abu-Dalbouh (2016) proposed a novel evaluation model to evaluate user acceptance of software and system technology by modifying the dimensions of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Discussion
The standard software categorizes quality into functionality, Perceived of Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, User Satisfaction and Attribute of Usability.This paper aims to design all these categories to investigate the user acceptance of the mobile reminder system.From the perspective of TAM, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, user satisfaction and attribute of usability are assumed to be related to the acceptance of a computer or technology system, in this study the acceptance of reminder mobile system.High levels of user satisfaction are important to propose reminder mobile system.The effects of four components of satisfaction, Perceived of Usefulness Satisfaction, and Satisfaction of Perceived Ease of Use, User Satisfaction, and Satisfaction of Attribute of Usability on overall satisfaction of patients and care providers who use the application.
Perceived of Usefulness: It is defined the degree to which the target groups will remember what they may forget, By giving an opportunity to have small memory which can help them to remember tasks, events, medications and people.It also, helping care providers to save effort and time.The measurement of perceived usefulness comprises of 7 items modified to the context of this study as shown in Table 2. PU1: Proposed Mobile reminder system will help the elderly and Alzheimer's patients to remind tasks, events, medications and people PU2: Proposed Mobile reminder system will help the care providers to save their effort and time.PU3: Proposed Mobile reminder system and its contents such as pictures and names can help patient to remember.PU4: Proposed Mobile reminder system will prevent disease progression, relieve symptoms and prevent and treat exacerbations PU5: Proposed Mobile reminder system will help to reduce the cost of nursing home care.PU6: Proposed Mobile reminder system will improve health status and reduce mortality PU7: Proposed Mobile reminder system will enable the physicians for assessing patients Perceived Ease of Use: It refers to the degree to which Elderly and Alzheimer's patients can use this application by themselves easily by a simple screens designed specially to help them to remember, or can get some help from their care provider by using care provider page.The measurement of perceived ease of use construct contained 5 items and modified to the context of this study as shown in Table 3. Table 3. Perceived Ease of Use Items Construct Operational definitions Measured items Perceived Ease of Use Elderly and Alzheimer's patients can use this application by themselves easily by a simple screens designed specially to help them to remember, or can get some help from their care provider by using care provider page EU1: Learning to operate mobile reminder system would be easy for me EU2: I would find it easy get mobile reminder system to do what I want it to do EU3: My interaction with mobile reminder system would be clear and understandable EU4: I would find mobile reminder system to be flexible to interact with EU5: It would be easy for me to become skillful at using mobile reminder system User Satisfaction: It can be experienced in a variety of situations and connected to system.It is a highly personal assessment that is greatly affected by user expectations.The measurement of user satisfaction construct contained 5 items and modified to the context of this study as shown in Table 4.

Conclusion
In recent years, emphasis on improving the quality of care provided by the hospitals has increased significantly and continues to gain momentum.Therefore, the demand now is creating new needs to help and make better choices as using the mobile application in health care sector.The main aim of this app is to help elderly and Alzheimer's patients, and the technology is best care because it is not susceptible to forget or to damage.Therefore, the mobile reminder system designed to includes a lot of features which helping them to remember easily and contribute to keeping their health in the long run.
We proposed methodology designed a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach based on the literature studies aimed to evaluate and investigate usability test for Perceived of Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, User Satisfaction and Attribute of Usability as important for the user evaluation in the mobile reminder system to assess if such this pro-posed mobile system will be of much use to the intended users.