Levels of Marital Satisfaction and its Relation to Some Variables on a Sample of Women in Amman City / Jordan

The present study aimed to identify the level of marital satisfaction among a sample of women in Amman city / Jordan, and its relation to some variables, The sample included 165 women, it was randomly selected, the researcher designed a questionnaire that measures the level of marital satisfaction, which included 20 paragraphs, each paragraph measures one dimension related to marital satisfaction, The questionnaire was applied by the study members, The statistical analysis showed: 1The level of marital satisfaction for all members of the study was medium level of marital satisfaction. 2No statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction due to the variable number of years of marriage. 3No statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction due to the variable number of children.4No statistically significant differences in the levels of marital satisfaction between working and non-working women.5There are statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction due to the variable educational level of women. 6There are statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction due to the variable family income. This is a logical consequence of the nature of the study community. The study recommended providing preventive counseling services for young men and women before marriage, and provide counseling services for couples about mechanisms of effective marital interaction, in order to reduce the risk factors leading to marital failure.

economic level and the legal aspect, Accordingly, researchers in this field sought to study marital satisfaction and to identify some relevant variables, literature review shows that.The importance of this study: The study was based on identifying marital satisfaction levels on a sample of women in Amman/Jordan, Where the statistical results in Jordan showed that divorce rates are increasing than in the past, resulting in many risk factors that threaten the cohesion and stability of society, and marital satisfaction is very important in the couples life, because its reflexes Adaptation, growth and sustainability of relationship, and maybe affecting on the transaction between family members, marital satisfaction helps husbands and wives to solve their problems effectively, and therefore this study is very important for considerations related to community culture, and the social context.Purpose of the study: The study aimed to identify the levels of marital satisfaction on a sample of women in Amman / Jordan, and to identify the effect of some variables on the level of marital satisfaction, and identify risk factors threatened by the stability of the marital relationship, The study aims to answer the following questions: 2. Study Questions 1-What is the level of marital satisfaction on a sample of women in Amman city/Jordan?2-Are there statistically significant differences (=0.05) in the level of marital satisfaction due to the variable number of years of marriage?3-Are there differences of statistical significance (=0.05) in the level of marital satisfaction due to the variable number of children? 4-Is there a statistically significant (=0.05)relationship between the work of women and their marital satisfaction?5-Are there differences of statistical significance (=0.05) in the level of marital satisfaction due to the variable educational level of women?6-Are there differences of statistical significance (=0.05) in the level of marital satisfaction due to the variable income of the family?The sample of this study: included 166 randomized sample women from the city of Amman, in Jordan.

Literature
A review of the literature of social and psychological researches shows that there are many studies that dealt with the subject of marital satisfaction, with differences in the study communities and the form of samples and variables that have been studied, this indicates the importance of the subject of marital satisfaction and its general impact across different cultures, following are some studies that dealt with the subject of marital satisfaction: Carandang & Goda (2015) prepared a study about marital satisfaction was used the Sternberg scale to measure levels of love and this is done by measuring the personal relationship, feelings and commitment of Batangas city.The survey method was by using the questionnaires and the spouse satisfaction index, and the number of respondents was 400 pairs.The results of the correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the level of intimate relationship and the marital satisfaction of both males and females.The study showed significant differences in the level of intimacy between males by age of marriage and job status.For women, the results showed both the level of education and employment are related with levels of marital satisfaction.On the other hand there is a Study by Abbasi & Afsharinia (2015) aimed to identifying the relationship between the patterns of communication at couples and the level of withdrawal and their relation to marital satisfaction was completed.The sample of the study included 30 pairs of students at the Kermanshah University where the marital satisfaction questionnaire (CPQ) and (ENRICH) was applied and the Coefficient of honesty and consistency was extracted of the scales, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data, while the data was analyzed by SPSS software.The results showed that the highest correlation in the mutual constructive relationship and marital satisfaction among women did not show the pattern of call / pull relationship any relation to marital satisfaction, and the results showed a negative correlation between marital satisfaction and mutual contact.Men and women had similar results.sDabone (2014) finished study about Marital Satisfaction, aimed to know the impact of age on the level of marital satisfaction in the Municipality of the Brong -Ahafo Region of Ghana.The researcher used descriptive survey design as a research framework for the study.The study sample included 320 couples.Methodology was based on the formulation of a single research and hypothesis question.Data were collected from respondents by using the marital satisfaction list (MSI).Statistical analysis showed that both young and old married in the municipality are dissatisfied with their marriage.With a higher level of marital satisfaction for older persons compared to young persons.The study recommended the provision of counseling services for young people.The study by Rebello et al. (2014) aimed to identifying the idea of couples about their marital relations, and specifically evaluating the marital relationship of 100 couples in Brazil.The tool of this study : Marriage and Relationship Questionnaire (MARQ).The results of the study showed that 86% of those living together for 12.62 Year on average are satisfied with their marital relationship, and that associated with the level of jealousy, partnership and love to be the most relevant factors of marital satisfaction.
In a study to investigate the impact of personal dimensions and their impact on marital satisfaction, Javanmard & Garegozlo (2014) conducted a study to identify the relationship of personality exclusion (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and consciousness) and marital satisfaction With 35 men and 35 women, the research methodology was based on the descriptive approach.The study used NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Marital Satisfaction Inventory (ENRICH).The results of this study showed that neuroticism leads to marital dissatisfaction.The study of Villa & Prette (3013) in Brazil aimed to identifying the social skills of couples through the application of the social skills scale (MSSI-Villa&Del-Prette) and Social Skills Inventory (SSI-Del-Prette) ,the study sample included a total of 406 married men, 188 men and 218 women.The study showed a relationship between marital satisfaction and social skills.Self-control and empathy were found to be related to marital satisfaction of men, conversation, expression and empathy related to marital satisfaction of women.This indicates gender differences regarding the importance of social skills and marital relationship.In a study limited of women, Yadalijamaloye et al (2013) Conducted study aimed to explore the relationship between self-esteem and marital satisfaction in two cities in Iran.The sample included 757 women.381 women in Najafabad and 376 in Fuladshahr married for at least 3 years.The results showed a relationship between the age of women and the duration of marriage on the marital satisfaction, the number of children, the duration of marriage, self-esteem and age can be predicted satisfactorily in Najaf, the number of children and self-esteem can explain marital satisfaction among women in Fuladshahr.Bloch et al (2013) studied marital satisfaction through a longitudinal sequential study, which lasted for 13 years.age of the study sample was middle age (40-50 years) and the adult (60-70 years), who continued their marriage for many years.The study aimed at determining the methods of reducing the indicators of negative feelings after the negative events between the spouses, data analysis was performed using correlation models.The results of the study showed a decrease in negative behavior among wives with time progressing, and increase in the level of marital satisfaction, a decrease in negative behavior and use of constructive communication.
A study based on demographic variables, Zainah et al (2012) finish this study about marital satisfaction, The study was designed to determine differences in marital satisfaction based on demographic variables.The sample included 423 married couples.The Enrich scale was used to measure marital satisfaction.Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences in the level of marital satisfaction based on the number of years of marriage and family income, The study pointed out the importance of providing marital counseling services in increasing the level of marital happiness.

Method
Tool: marital satisfaction scale, built after a review of the theoretical literature and previous studies on the subject of marital satisfaction, scale included 20 items, the scale items Reflect Networking, support and participation between spouses, Ranging answer on the scale items between 1-5 and 1 to indicate a very low degree, 2 indicate to a few degrees, 3 indicate middle, 4 refers to a large degree, 5 indicate to a very large degree.To calculate scores, Calculated according to the following equation:

1.33
Fifth Likert Scale and descriptive analysis of Response show the average between (1-2.33)Indicates a low level, (2.34-3.66)indicates an average level.(3.67 -5) indicates a high level.
Factor Validity: In order to study the Factor Validity of the scale as a whole, the analysis of the data generated from the application was conducted on the sample of the study.By extracting the main components and circulating them on vertical axes.The following table shows these results: The results of Table ( 1) indicate that there are four factors whose Eigen Value exceed (1).A total of (66.405%) of the variance, The root value of the first factor (9.754) was explained by (48.768%) of the variance in the scores on marital satisfaction While the Eigen Value of the second factor (1.396) was interpreted as (6.978%) of the variation in performance on the scale of marital satisfaction, The value of the Eigen Value was (1.111) and was interpreted as (5.556%) of the variance, The last factor was the value of the Eigen Value (1.021) and explained by (5.103%),To verify global truth, the first Eigen Value was divided on the second Engen Value (9.754 / 1.396) and the value (6.99) was greater than (2) which clearly indicates that there is one general factor that explains most of the variation of the ass.ccsenet.scale, Table Table 2

Stability of the scale:
The stability of the scale was verified by applying the scale to the sample of the study and the internal consistency coefficient was extracted using the Cronbach alpha formula.The value of the stability coefficient was α (0.942), which is high and indicates the stability of the scale.

Results
Marital satisfaction questionnaire was applied by the study members, After completion of the application process, Data were released for statistical analysis purposes, use the statistical analysis program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze statistical data and answer the study questions, The statistical analysis showed the following results: 1-Results related to the first question: What is the level of marital satisfaction on a sample of women in Amman city/ Jordan?
To answer this question, the averages, standard deviations and marital satisfaction were extracted on a sample of women.The following table shows these results: The overall average of marital satisfaction measure 2-Results related to the second question: Are there statistically significant differences (=0.05) on the level of marital satisfaction due to the variable number of years of marriage?
In order to answer this question, the averages and standard deviations of marital satisfaction were extracted according to the variable number of years of marriage.table (5) shows these averages: Table (5) shows that there are apparent differences in the averages on the marital satisfaction scale according to the variable years of marriage.To find out the significance of these differences, a single-variance analysis test was performed.Table (6) shows these results:  6) shows that the value of "P" was (1.154) is not statistically significant meaning that there are no statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction due to the variable number of years of marriage.
3-Results related to the third question: Are there differences of statistical significance (=0.05) in the level of marital satisfaction due to the variable number of children?
To answer this question, the averages and standard deviations of marital satisfaction were extracted according to the number of children variable.Table ( 7) shows these averages:  7) shows the existence of differences in the statistical averages on the scale of marital satisfaction according to the variable number of children.To find out the significance of these differences, a single-variance analysis test was performed.Table (8) shows these results:  8) shows that the value of "P" was 0.669 and is not statistically significant, meaning that there are no statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction due to the variable number of children.4-Results related to the fourth question: Is there a statistically significant (=0.05)relationship between the work of women and their marital satisfaction?
In order to answer the question about women's work, the frequencies and percentages were extracted and the use of the chi 2 test was used to determine the relationship between the work of women and the level of marital satisfaction, as shown in the table (9).(9) shows that the results of the statistical analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the levels of marital satisfaction between working and non-working women.5-Results related to the fifth question: Are there differences of statistical significance (=0.05) in the level of marital satisfaction due to the variable educational level of women?
To answer this question, the averages and standard deviations of marital satisfaction were extracted according to the variable of the educational level of women.Table (10) shows these averages: Table (10) shows that there are apparent differences in the averages mean on the marital satisfaction scale according to the variable of the educational level of women.In order to determine the significance of these differences, a single-variance analysis test was performed.Table (11) shows these results:  (11) shows that the value of "P" was (9.895) its mean there are statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction due to the variable educational level of women, To find out who is the difference, Schefft's Test A post-comparison test was conducted According to the variable level of education for women and the table (12) shows these results:  12) shows statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction according to the variable level of education for women the differences between the same level of public secondary and lower and the campaign of diploma and bachelor and the differences came in favor of the diploma and bachelor that is marital satisfaction is higher than that of the public secondary school or less.The table shows no differences between the other educational levels.6-Results related to the sixth question: Are there differences of statistical significance (=0.05) in the level of marital satisfaction due to the variable income of the family?To answer this question, the arithmetical averages and standard deviations of marital satisfaction were extracted according to the income level variable.Table (13) shows these averages:  Table (13) shows that there are apparent differences in the averages on the marital satisfaction scale according to the income level variable, to find out the significance of these differences.15) shows statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction according to the income level variable, the differences of those with income (501 to 1500), and that is the high level of marital satisfaction.

Discussion
Several studies have examined marital satisfaction, each study focused on relevant variables, Some studies emphasized on the importance of love in the occurrence of marital satisfaction such as study Carandang & Guda (2015), Other studies have tested the effect of communication in marital relationships such as study of Abbasi & Afsharinia (2015), The effect of age on marital satisfaction was also discussed in Dabone (2014), One of the variables studied in relation to marital satisfaction was the Rebello et al study (2014), which found an impact on love, partnership, and jealousy in determining the level of marital satisfaction, while the study by Javanmard & Garegozlo (2014) showed the role of some personal factors in marital satisfaction, related variables were Villa & Prette (2013) in Brazil, which dealt with social skills on marital satisfaction, The study of Yadalijamaloye et al (2013) focused on the study of the effect of selfassessment on marital satisfaction, this study sample was large and included only women, Bloch et al (2013) focused on the role of emotional exchange among couples and its impact on the level of marital satisfaction.The study of Zainah et al (2012) also examined the variables of the duration of marriage and income and its impact on levels of marital satisfaction.The current study was characterized by a female sample only, and dealt with many variables: years of marriage, number of children, work of women, educational level, and family income.This study was similar to the study of Yadalijamaloye et al (2013) since the sample of the study is only women, and similar with the study of Zainah et al (2012) in that it dealt with the study of the variable number of years of marriage and family income and its effect on the level of marital satisfaction, The results of this study indicate the role of both the educational level and the family income in determining the levels of marital satisfaction, and this result is a logical result in line with the culture of the study society.The educational level of women contributes to the high level of marital satisfaction and explains this through the high level of knowledge among women, which helps in understanding the nature of the marital relationship, and to have the ability to lead marital life and avoid its pitfalls, The level of education may be associated with increased problem-solving capacity, so women's education may be linked to stable marital relationships.As for family income, it reflects the state of economic stability of the family, the results of the study indicate the role of family income in stabilizing marital status, this may be due to the fact that the level of family income is associated with the welfare of the marital relationship and thus affect the level of marital satisfaction.The importance of the study is that the society of the study suffers from high divorce rates, and thus may contribute to the study of the risk factors that threaten the stability of marriage, and propose appropriate solutions to address them, in addition to identifying the factors supporting the marital relationship and work on their development.

Recommendation
-The activation of marriage counseling services for prospective couples may raise levels of marital satisfaction.
-Awareness of the importance of education and its supportive role in the marital relationship, Therefore, community awareness of the importance of education for women and their active role in the success of the marital relationship should be increased -Preparing continuous training courses for couples about issues related to marital life and dealing with them.
-Awareness of the mechanism of managing the marital relationship within a low family income -Conducting other studies with different dimensions to learn more about the subject of marital satisfaction.Understanding is the basis of the dealings between me and my husband 2.

Martial Satisfaction Scale
My personal relationship with my husband is warm 3.
My relationship with my husband achieved social support 4.
I progress socially / professionally as a result of my husband's support for me 5.
My husband encourages me to strengthen my relationships with my friends 6.
My husband supports a relationships with my family 7.
My husband helps me in the housework 8.
I often agreed with my husband on how to deal with children 9.
I share with my husband recreational activities 10.
My relationship with my husband is more peaceful than the conflict 11.
My husband looks like a lot of things to me 12.
I get my husband's sympathy with me when I get sick 13.
My husband deals positively if I make a mistake 14.
I touch the state of constant tolerance by my husband 15.
The most support I get in my social relationships is my husband's support 16.
When my husband and I disagree, we resort to dialogue 17.
My husband and I exchanged courtesy 18.
My husband has qualities that fill the gaps that I suffer from 19.
My husband appreciates the work I do 20.

Table 1 .
The underlying roots of the first four factors explain performance on the scale of marital satisfaction

Table ( 3
) shows that the correlation coefficients of the paragraph by the overall degree of the marital satisfaction measure were all greater than (0.3).The correlation coefficients ranged between (0.503 and 0.748) and high values and indicate the construction accuracy of the scale.

Table ( 4
) shows that the averages of the total score of the marital satisfaction measure was 3.32 and the average marital satisfaction level, while the averages for the paragraphs ranged between 2.77 and 3.85.And it show medium and high levels, where the paragraph (get my husband's sympathy with me when I get sick) ranked first with the highest mean (3.54) and high marital satisfaction.While the paragraph (My husband helps me in the housework) show last with the lowest average (2.77) and the level of marital satisfaction average.

Table 4 .
The averages, standard deviations and the level of marital satisfaction on a sample of women are arranged in descending order

Table 5 .
Averages and standard deviations of marital satisfaction according to the variable years of marriage

Table 6 .
Results of the analysis of the variance of the variance to determine the significance of the differences of marital satisfaction according to the variable years of marriage

Table 7 .
Averages and standard deviations of marital satisfaction according to the variable number of children

Table 8 .
univariate analysis results to determine the significance of differences, in the scale of marital satisfaction according to the variable number of children

Table 9 .
Frequency and Percentages and chi 2 Test Relationship between levels of marital satisfaction and women's work

Table 10 .
Averages and standard deviations of marital satisfaction according to the variable educational level of women

Table 11 .
Contrast analysis test to find out the significance of differences depending on the educational level of women

Table 12 .
Schefft's test of the post-comparisons in marital satisfaction according to the variable educational level of women

Table 13 .
Averages and standard deviations of marital satisfaction according to the income level variable

Table 14 .
The results of the single-variance analysis test to determine the significance of the differences in marital satisfaction according to the income level variable

Table ( 14
) shows that the "P" value is (8.168), there are statistically significant differences of marital satisfaction due to the income level variable, To find out who is the difference, Schefft's Test A post-comparison test was conducted According to the variable of income, table (15) shows the results:

Table 15 .
Schefft's test of the post-comparisons in marital satisfaction according to the variable income level of women