Commercialize the Cultivation of Yellow Pumpkin Plants

This paper aims to explain the highly prospect and opportunity of yellow pumpkin commercialized and its indicate variable behind the lows interest of making it as the main crop by farming society. Cultivation technical approach used in identifying cultivating system of yellow pumpkin and use SWOT analysis to develop the strategy. Analyzing business feasibility commercialization of the cultivation of yellow pumpkin income calculations every harvest based on the primary data by the census of 9 sample group of farmers, observation, and in-depth interviews some key informants. The result of this research show that cultivation system of yellow pumpkin in Majasem Village do potential for cultivated commercially based on the mountain areas the mount of Northern Lawu with a production capacity 180.000 tons. Majasem Village qualified planting cultivation yellow pumpkin although using the simple and planting patterns the midst of rice, corn and soybean. Potential development cultivation yellow pumpkin in the future identified based on internal and external factors have a great capital opportunity to commercialization in supporting industrialization food and drink. Business feasibility in commercialization by requiring investment IDR 3.579.800 and IDR 6.211.667 at operational cost can produce income IDR 8.550.000 per harvest or IDR 2.338.333 per month with long turning capital during 2 months.


Introduction
Pumpkin are agriculture product that can be used as an alternative food source. Fiber on pumpkin are great to maintain health. Various nutrition on pumpkin make it favorable food source. Not only used on fasting month on islamic culture in Indonesia, pumpkin also used as ingredients of various processed food. Pumpkin also known internationally, and iconic of halloween in United States. Pumpkin cultivation are considered easy, even without incentive treatment pumpkin can have good growth and produce its fruit. Pumpkin fruit have various nutrient like vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, carbohydrate, fiber, folic acid, iron, protein, calcium. (Gardjito, 2006;Hedrasty, 2011;Shahidan et al, 2014;Aimi Fadzirul et al, 2018) So far, the level of need from society for pumpkin commodity are quite high. Business opportunities of pumpkin cultivation are more promising. People are cultivating pumpkin on country. Cultivation method of pumpkin are not that difficult. From its propagation, pumpkin are easy to treat and its yield are regarded as high. The prospect of pumpkin cultivation development on large scale and agribusiness oriented are widely open. Few factor that support this are: (1) Indonesia have a chance to become world pumpkin exporter because pumpkin can grow on Indonesia soils easily; (2) indonesian farmer have experience on pumpkin cultivating; (3) return of investment from this business are generally quick; (4) pumpkin are tolerant to many kind of marginal land, even sand; (5) product from pumpkin are not easily degraded and damaged, even though its saved for long time; (6) need of pumpkin will always rise, and (7) society are generally use organic for industrial product. (Perez & Gomez, 2010;Sidik, 2015;Ahmad & Khan, 2019;Kelley & Langston Jr., 2017) Pumpkin cultivation pumpkin and its product processing are chain process that inseparable. Generally pumpkin farmer cultivation process starts from clearing land, spreading seeds, planting, nurturing, and harvesting. They also take part in product processing till they are ready to be sold (Negi & Anand, 2014;King et al, 2010). (Department of Agriculture of Kabupaten Magetan, 2015) Main problem are: (i) Low productivities and product quality; and (ii) pumpkin market are depend on season. The problem occur because of conventional method of pumpkin cultivation and the pumpkin product industry are generally micro industry and close to non-existent . Nutrient from pumpkin thay can be used on pharmacy, cosmetic, food coloring, leather craft, and traditional food (Shahidan et al, 2014;Iwo et al, 2014;Hwa Keen et al, 2016;Pongjanta et al, 2006). These show that prospect from pumpkin are great, but society still cultivate and produce pumpkin as intercropped plant only and yet to be commercialized (Kit Yok et al, 2015;Kamarubahrin et al, 2018). This study aimed at 1) to identify pumpkin business system profile, potential and weakness at cultivation of pumpkin in future; 2) to analyze properness of commercialized of pumpkin cultivation.

Method
Main focus and research type used in the research design is qualitative descriptive. To give a view concerning commercialization of pumpkin in Majasem village, Kendal, this research are implemented on Majasem village, Kendal district, Ngawi regency. Research period are 4 (four) month starting on May till September 2019. Secondary data obtained from the information availability on Majasem village government. To support the research, primary data are gathered from sample using census, observation, interview, and questionnaire to head of farmer group, which consist of 9 people. Several key information are village government, which represented by Village Secretary, Village Consultative Board (BPD), Village Society Empowerment Institution (LPMD), RT/RW, Youth Organization, researcher also use academic discussion (researcher as key informant) and related parties that appointed and considered to have competence and authority to provide information or data. (Agusta et al, 2014;Pitono et al, 2016) In identifying pumpkin business system cultivation technique approached are used such as growth requirement, land preparation, cropping patterns, treatment patterns and post harvest (Ahmad & Khan, 2019). (Magetan Regency Department of Agriculture, 2015) Variable used as determinant on this pumpkin business strategy research are internal strength and weakness with opportunity and threats are considered are external factor (Gürel & Tat, 2017). To analyze the business of commercialized pumpkin cultivation, variable that used on profit calculation are investments cost, fixed costs, variable costs. (Horne & Wachowicz, 2013;Dugguh et al, 2018) Another important variable that used are post harvest marketing line on pumpkin cultivation. (Budiarto, 2011) Data processing on this research are describing data and presented on table and then analyzed with SWOT, profit analysis to calculate economic profit level on pumpkin. (Rangkuti, 2013;Horne & Wachowicz, 2013;Gürel & Tat, 2017) Profit analysis used with distribution chain. (Rachmania et al, 2016) Whole data analysis are done through several stages, which are data gathering, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. (Singarimbun & Effendi, 2008)

Figure 1. Majasem Village Location
This plant can produce 20-40 tons/ha on considered short time, on 40-60 days period. Every family can produce 6-10 tons of pumpkin with high product quality, with diameter of 18 inch. Estimated pumpkin production is 30.000 tons. According to its tophography Majasem village is considered have strategic location because its bypassed by Madiun-Karanganyar Jawa Tengah. So its good to market those pumpkin there. In a year, farmer can harvest up to 4 times, they can produce 180.000 tons or 18.000 units. These can be a potential to increase income of the majasem village by social engineering, art

Field Preparation of Pumpkin Cultivation
Field used to cultivate pumpkin generally need spacious one, because pumpkin growth on vine, growing it in polybag can not yield great result. Field need to be weed free too. Clearing the field can be done either use manual or with tools. Stones that scattered around field need to be removed too. After cleared, the soil on the field need to be tilled, either with hoe or tractor. Next thing are make a bed layout for the pumpkin, the hills should have have 1 meter width and 30 cm higher than the rest. For the length it depend on the field area. If the area are considered large one, every two beds need to be added with trenches, 40 cm width are good enough for this irrigation system. Diameter for planting needed for pumpkin normally around 10 cm and with distance between planting hole is 40 cm. Planting are done on day 6 after soil preparation finished. On every plant holes 2 seeds of pumpkin are planted with 0,5-2 cm depth. Those seeds need to be covered with husk ash or kitchen ash to prevent snails and worm. After 7 days of planting, the seeds will grow into sprouts.

Pumpkin Harvesting
If pumpkin fruit color turn into bright one, it's a sign that pumpkin are ready to be harvested. Toughness on pumpkin skin made it easier to transport, because it can withstand damage during long distance shipping. Dried vine and pumpkin trunk will harden and tools are needed to cut it off during harvesting. Storage used on pumpkin either during shipping or keeping are on dry storage, refrigrater or wet storage only make pumpkin rotten faster unless its already opened. Old pumpkin fruit can be used as additional main food. Crop cultivation is one of few that business that are promising. One of the crop that can be used on this business is pumpkin. To start out pumpkin cultivation business, investment that needed are not that high. It can be done on garden, field or use intercropped pattern. With these pumpkin business are good to various group of peoples. With high will and interest on this business, the benefit are hard to miss. Consument and demand for pumpkin are generally high and processed product from pumpkin have high potential. From home snack industry to cosmetic and pharmacy. (Soekartawi & Soeharjo, 2011) In pumpkin cultivation, tools needed are such as; basket, sickle, knife chopper, scale, water pump, water hose, scissor, hoe, cart, bucket, and sprayer. With these tool pumpkin cultivation expected to have good product . On marketing, pumpkin can be sold directly to market, restaurant, or hotel (Kit Yok et al, 2015;Aimi Fadzirul et al, 2018).. Employee needed on this business are generally small at first. Price can fluctuate from IDR 5000/kg up to IDR 11.000/kg, it depends on the market. Based on other crop cultivation, pumpkin are generally profitable business. The weakness on this business are low production rate and productivity level.
On describing pumpkin cultivation strategy, SWOT analysis are used. Its descriptive based analysis and put situation or condition as input factor. Those factors will be classified based on its contribution. Internal (Strength and weakness) and external (Opportunity and Threats) on SWOT intended at describing condition or situation faced by farmer during cultivation process. On these table are factors that formulated from data and information gathered from farmers.  With these analysis, the conclusion is pumpkin cultivation business is profitable, which turn IDR 3.579.800 of investment to IDR 2.338.333 monthly profit on 2 month.
Farms commodity cultivation can't be isolated from farming business and markets. (Budiarto, 2011) Farm business need to be reinforced with marketing activity so the product can be distributed to consument without problem konsumen (Kit Yok et al, 2015;Aimi Fadzirul et al, 2018). Farm markets are commodity flow process with the transfer of ownership on the commodity and creation of time, place, form service on market institution that carry out one or more market functionality. (Rachmania et al, 2016;Arfianto, & Balahmar, 2014;King et al, 2010) Generally channel pattern on market consisted of 4 pattern, such as; zero-level channel, one-level channel, two-level channel, three-level channel. Channel 1 are three-level channel. This channel the flow of commodity come from farmer through collectors, wholesalers, small traders and consument. Channel IV is zero-level channel, the farmers sell it directly into consument. These table descript the channel on farmer market chain. On Channel I, the precentage of market margin are the highest, which is 73% with lowest percentage of farmer's share which is 27%. Channel IV got lowest market margin, 31,42% but got farmer's share of 68,6%. Channel IV is the most efficient because the commodity does not need to went through lot of instituion on market, which lead to 68,6% farmer's share and market margin of 31,42%. On other channel the market margin percentage are higher because there are cost on every institution the commodity went. These cost are based on transportation cost, labor wage, retribution, and loading cost.

Discussion
Pumpkin cultivation profile can be made with Strength and Opportunity (SO), with commercial production on industry level, maintain consument loyality, expand the market on post-harvest process. From weakness and opportunity (WO) preparing for commercialized crop, support in funds, technology for higher product quality on village basis, increasing promotion to expand market can be applied. Strategies from strength and threats (ST) are to motivate farmers to grow pumpkin instead of rice, corn and soybean, to find information on cross institution on pumpkin demands to stabilize the supply chain, preparing field to commercialized pumpkin cultivation on industry level. From weakness and threats (WT) strategies needed are to revamp the mindset of cultivating rice, corn and soybean into pumpkin, create processed product industry on post-harvest pumpkin, mainly on micro business, maintain supply chain with cropping pattern based on demands of pumpkin industrialization.
Business properness on commercialized pumpkin need investment of IDR 3.579.800 and operational cost of IDR 6.211.667 can generate income per harvest up to IDR 8.550.000 or montly income as IDR 2.338.333 with return of investment on 2 months. On market supply chain perspective, pumpkin cultivation business divided into 4 channel's pattern. With Channel I have market margin of 73% and farmer's share of 27%. And channel with most efficiency got 68,6% farmer's share and only 31,42% market margin, which is Channel 4. This happen because the supply chain follow few institution on commodity flow. On Channel 4 the commodity come from farmer and directly sold to consument. This reduce cost on supply chain line.