Optimization of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Comfort in Broiler House

The objective of the study was to develop a design methodology involving a mixed system for better use of natural lighting and ventilation, together with electrical heating and ventilation systems that are currently used in commercial aviaries. Two building models were analyzed, one open conventional, and the other developed specifically for this study, with a cross ventilation brise-soleil system that provided greater energy efficiency in aviaries. Subsequently, the two models were compared using Autodesk’s Revit software through the Green Building Studio, to analyze the energy consumption of buildings during the year. The results showed that the model of poultry developed for the study proved to be more efficient in relation to the model of open poultry. The proposed broiler house was 21.07% more efficient than the conventional open aviary.


Introduction
Birds are homeothermal animals, keeping the internal temperature constant, thus having a continuous change of temperature with the environment. Thus, birds need a thermal comfort zone, in which the temperature, winds and relative humidity of the air must be within the appropriate levels of comfort for the animal (Jones et al., 2005;Souza, 2005;V. M. N. Abreu & P. G. Abreu, 2011).
According to Belay and Teeter (1993) when the temperature and relative humidity of the air surpass the recommended levels for the proper development of broilers, there will be implications for the heat exchange of the broilers, thus impairing the development of broilers during the period accommodation. Aradas (2001), andCravo et al. (2009), define that the thermal comfort of the aviaries is extremely important, since severe temperature conditions affect the production of the birds, reflecting in the loss of productivity.
Considering that poultry activity is one of the main sectors of animal source of protein, mainly in the southern region of the country, it is important to take into account the planning of the facilities, mainly in relation to the thermal comfort that are often carried out by energy operated equipments that demand high energy consumption. The optimization of energy in poultry has generated discussions and several studies that mention the importance of poultry farmers to identify ways to optimize the use of energy efficiency due to the high cost of electricity (Nonis & Samed, 2014).
During the process of fattening and growth, birds must be provided proper temperature lighting (Olanrewaju et al., 2006;Kristensen et al., 2007;Lewis et al., 2007;Castellini et al., 2012;Deep et al., 2012;González-Garcia et al., 2014) and ventilation. According to Bianchi (2016) reported that the wind speed and the average radiant temperature are fundamental to determine the thermal comfort of the chicken. Fans and other equipment that require energy are currently used to maintain the best possible ambience in the aviary.
Thus, the search is on for new technologies to adopt in poultry facilities to achieve greater productivity at lower costs, considering the welfare of animals is necessary. One of these technologies is the use of Autodesk's Revit computer system by the Green Building Studio, which allows to virtually model the broiler house, including enough data to determine the viability of the broiler house.
The study was analyzed using Autodesk's Revit computer system by the Green Building Studio. This system compared the model developed with the conventional open-sided model. The models were tested to obtain a design methodology more adapted to the region's climate. The proposal of solar blocker and natural ventilation have the possibility to preserve and improve the thermal comfort of the birds, improving the quality of life of the animals and decreasing the expenditure of electric energy and consequently reducing the cost of production.
Given the above, the objective of the work was to develop a design methodology that would present energy efficiency in broiler houses with reduction in production costs, taking advantage of natural lighting and ventilation for better thermal comfort, adapting to the external climate, taking advantage of or blocking natural resources for the best possible ambience in the internal space of the environment.

Material and Methods
The work methodology was developed in the city of Cascavel/Paraná, located in the western region of the state, as it is one of the largest poultry producers in the region.
Project types were evaluated in order to obtain an architectural model with greater use of lighting. A brise-soleil system with the function of blocking solar radiation and a natural cross ventilation system were used, in addition to providing greater energy efficiency in broiler house.
The evaluation methods were performed by the Autodesk Revit computer system, using which the architectural model was developed and through the Green Building Studio system, energy efficiency analysis was developed. Through these computer programs, data, and variables such as temperature and heat transfer, wind flows and energy consumption were generated, along with other data.
Two building models were analyzed, one open conventional, and the other developed specifically for this study, with a cross ventilation brise-soleil system. Both models have the same electrical equipment, such as lamps and fans, with changes only in the construction and architectural elements of broiler house (open conventional broiler house and broiler house with brise-soleil system and chimney effect).
Under the same weather conditions, the analyzes were determined on the database at the weather station, located at latitude 24 o 93′17″ and longitude 53 o 46′59″ and altitude of 592 m to evaluate the performance of each model and its efficiency due to architectural qualities.

Ventilation and External Temperature Analysis of the Broiler House
For the analysis of the parameters, graphs were plotted for ventilation and temperatures were used. The analyzed models were evaluated for a period of one year. The annual wind frequency, the annual temperature range, the monthly temperature data, and the annual humidity data were measured.
The solar chart of the municipality of Cascavel/Paraná was performed by the Analysis Sol-AR 6.2 software (LabEEE/UFSC, 2009) ( Figure 1), in which the solar incidence, the solar angle and its interference from heat and direct light can be observed. jas.ccsenet.

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