HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE OF WOMEN IN FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLD IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA


  •  Noorin Michael    
  •  Thamarai M.Munisamy    
  •  Sharifah Haron    
  •  Benjamin Yin-Fah    

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the human capital expenditure, the expenditure share of human capital investment expenditure and the probability of having human capital investment among the women in female-headed households. The data was obtained from a nationwide study on "Economic wellbeing and human capital investment of female-headed household" funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), government of Malaysia, under the e-Science Grant.  Four states (Kedah, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor) from four zones were selected using simple random technique together with 1,000  potential respondent lists provided by local school authorities with 68% of response rate. The study found that women in female-headed household spent 21% of their yearly income in reading material followed by health (18%) and personal care (15%). Similarly, expenditure share 67% yearly income was spend on reading materials followed by health (63%) and personal care (58%) Further analysis revealed those have a higher household income (OR  = 0.023 ; P<0.05) and smaller household size (OR = 0.028 ; P<0.05) were found to be significant invested part of their household expenses for their own human capital purposes.  



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