The Marital Compatibility of Married Students in Jordan’s Private Universities Located in the Northern Region, and Its Relation to Some Variables

The study aimed at identifying the degree of marital compatibility of married students in the Jordanian private universities located in Jordan's northern region and its relation with some variables, the sample of the study consisted of (293) married students. The study has applied the relational descriptive approach. The results showed that the degree of marital compatibility was positive and moderate, the presence of a negative correlation ship between marital compatibility and accumulative average, and statistically significant differences according to gender variable in favor of females. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences according to variables of family numbers, monthly income, and marriage period, with an emphasis on conducting and holding training workshops to enhance marital compatibility among students.

Females among married students face many challenges, such as family responsibilities and university requirements. Her obligations grow and multiply between being a wife and a student simultaneously, as it is challenging to balance home and university. Her role and responsibilities vary between child custody, taking care of her house, feeding her family, protecting them, and following up on the children's school status. Her pressures do not end up here, but also family disputes, which may negatively affect her academic performance, and thus self-efficacy begins to decline, which leads to a decrease in study incentive that may result in poor grades and thus failure in the study. Hence, the current study reveals the degree of marital compatibility among married students in private universities in the Northern Region in Jordan and its relationship to some variables. Hence the current study attempts to answer the following questions:  What is the degree of marital compatibility among married students in the private universities of the Northern Region?
 What is the degree of the relationship between the level of marital compatibility and the student's Accumulative average?
 Are there statistically significant differences in the level of marital compatibility among students due to the gender variable (males, females)?
 Are there statistically significant differences in the degree of marital compatibility due to the variable of the number of family members?
 Are there statistically significant differences in the degree of marital compatibility due to the variable of monthly income?
 Are there statistically significant differences in the degree of marital compatibility attributed to the duration of marriage?

Objectives of the Study
The study sought to achieve a set of goals as follows:  Identify the degree of marital compatibility among married students in the private universities of the northern region.
 Identify the relationship between the level of marital compatibility and the student's Accumulative average.
 Discover the differences in marital compatibility levels among students according to the variables; gender, the number of family members, monthly income, and the duration of the marriage.

The Importance of the Study
The issue of marital compatibility is critical, as it deals with an individual and social issue because of the information it provides that contributes to discovering the degree of marital compatibility and happiness, especially after the increasing rates of divorce, violence, and family disintegration in Jordan, and the high level of domestic violence. Therefore, this study comes to clarify many variables related to marital compatibility, which helps us in guiding those who suffer from incompatibility in marital life, whether they are married or who wish to marry, and what helps the official authorities represented by the Supreme Judge Department, universities, and specialists in designing programs, holding workshops, and courses, and reaching to guidance methods that deals with reducing the phenomenon of divorce and family disintegration, which contributes to creating a positive environment that helps husbands and children to grow and prosper. The researcher hopes to enrich a scientific addition to the Jordanian library's knowledge and those interested concerning marital compatibility among married students and those in school.
Furthermore, the importance of this study relies in its originality in the Jordanian society, which deals with marital compatibility for married students who are still studying, and the scarcity of studies that specifically deal with marital compatibility and its relationship to academic achievement (according to the researcher's knowledge), and the study of marital compatibility and its relationship to work variables, and the number of family members, and the consequent increase in burdens and pressures resulting from the requirements of academic study, the completion of the required career work, and the ability to meet the needs of children and family members. This study can be a source and reference in directing researchers to pay attention to later studies. This results from the results of this study of conclusions and recommendations.

Scope of the Study
The scope of applying the present study is determined by the following:  Time limit: The study was applied during the summer semester of the 2019/2020 academic year.
 Place limit: the private universities of the northern region in Jordan.
 Study sample: married students in private universities.
 Objective limits: The study results are determined by the study tools in which they were used and the indications of validity and reliability that they have. Therefore, the possibility of generalizing the study results to communities similar to the study community is determined only by the extent to which the sample represents its community.

Study Variables
The study included the following variables:  Marital compatibility: It has five dimensions (psychological compatibility, social compatibility, financial compatibility, compatibility with children, and family problems).
 Gender: It has two categories (male and female).
 Family members: It has three categories (less than 4 members, from 4-6 members, more than 7 members)  Monthly income: It has three categories (less than 220 dinars, 221-500 dinars, more than 500 dinars).
 ACCUMULATIVE AVERAGE: It has four categories (Acceptable, Good, Very Good, Excellent).
 Duration of marriage: It has three categories (less than 4 years, 4-7 years, 7 years, and more).

Conventional and Procedural Definitions
As defined by Al- Dahri (2008), compassion is a continuous process by which the individual tries to change his behavior to achieve compatibility with the surrounding environment to reach a state of psychological stability and social adjustment (Al- Dahri, 2008, p. 79).
1.7.1 Psychological Compatibility Khalil (1999;46) believes that psychological compatibility is a state of happiness, harmony, and ability to fulfill innate needs and face problems and convergence in the individual's psychological characteristics and inner mood.
general behavioral context acceptable to the group and individuals (Nasser, 2011;102).

Marital Compatibility
Marital compatibility is defined as the adaptation of the husband and wife in a way that allows each of them to avoid conflicts and feel satisfied with each other (Chen et al., 2007). It is also defined as the degree obtained by examining the measure of marital compatibility used in this study.

Literature Review
This part includes Arab and foreign studies and research related to the research topic, which the researcher sought to discover, take benefit from, and identify the most important results he has reached that may be useful to enrich the current research.
Abbas and Fateel (2019) conducted a study to identify the level of psychological compatibility among students of Irbid National University in the Kingdom of Bahrain and its relationship to some variables. It was applied to a sample of 121 male and female students. The results of the study showed that national University students possess a medium level of psychological compatibility. It also showed no statistically significant differences attributed to the gender variable and the existence of statistically significant differences attributed to the total rate variable in favor of the high rates.
Al-Khateebah (2015) conducted a study to identify the elements of marital compatibility of husbands working in public schools in northern Jordan. The study sample included (388) husband and wife. The study found that the degree of marital compatibility among males is higher than that of females. In contrast, the study showed a lack of happiness among husbands with their wives' performance in terms of compatibility, and the essential elements of marital compatibility were related to preserving romance and maintaining religious behaviors, mutual understanding needs. On the other hand, the results of the study did not show any differences. It is attributed to the variables of gender and family size, while there were differences attributed to the variables of educational level and high income; and it was in favor of high qualification like masters and those who have high income and salaries. Tawfiq's study (2015) aimed to identify the characteristics of positive social behavior related to marital compatibility and the differences between husbands and wives concerning aspects of positive social behavior.
The study sample consisted of (100) husband and wife, with an average age of the husbands (38.10) and an average age of wives (31.09). The study found a statistically significant correlation between marital compatibility and positive social behavior related to tolerance, optimism, positive efficacy, and social sovereignty. The results also showed that no significant differences were found between husbands and wives.
In Parmer's study (2014), which aimed to determine the marital compatibility of a sample of working and non-working women in India, the study sample consisted of (60) working and non-working women. The study results showed that marital compatibility among the sample of non-working women was higher and statistically significant compared to its levels among working women.
The study of Sahu and Sing (2014) aimed at identifying the level of psychological health and marital adjustment of working and non-working women, where the study sample consisted of (200) women. The study results showed that the level of psychological health and marital compatibility was high, and there were no statistically significant differences in the health and marital compatibility between working and non-working married women.
Al-Sharman (2007) conducted a study to reveal the degree of marital compatibility according to the point of view of employees in administrative positions at Yarmouk University. The study sample consisted of (364) spouses. According to the results, the degree of marital compatibility was high in all fields; where the economic field had the first place and the psychological and emotional field came in second place, then the social field.
Sing Thind & Jaswal (2006) conducted a study to identify the level of marital compatibility and its relation to the employment and education level of the wife. The study sample consisted of (300) spouses. The results showed that wives with high-level positions and education have a high level of marital compatibility, whereas illiterate wives who belong to the third level were more compatible than the first level (high education) and the second level of wives (university).
In the study of Al-Amoudi (2001), he aimed to investigate marital compatibility and its relation to self-affirmation and its connection with some variables among married people in the Holy Makkah Region (gender, educational level, monthly income, number of children, duration of the marriage; the study sample consisted of (440) husband and wife. The study results found that there are statistically significant differences in marital compatibility attributed to the variable of gender and in favor of males. There are statistically significant differences in marital compatibility attributed to the children's variable and were in favor of having children in the family. It also found statistically significant differences in marital compatibility in favor of marriage duration while there were no statistically significant differences in marital compatibility regarding the variables like age; when they married, monthly income, and educational level.
The study of El-Desouki (1986) aimed to identify some of the variables related to marriage compatibility, represented by the number of children, the age of marriage, the level of education, the marriage duration, and personal characteristics. The study sample consisted of (90) couples. The results showed statistically significant differences in marital compatibility among those who were married before or after 25 years, but good results favored those who married after 25 years; marital compatibility is also affected by the number of children and the duration of the marriage.

Study Methodology and Procedures
The current study adopted the correlational descriptive approach since it's the most appropriate for this study's objectives. This approach examines the marital compatibility of married students and their relation to the accumulative average. It also examines the differences between both genders, the number of family members, the duration of the marriage, and the monthly income.

The Study Population
The study population consists of all married couples who are studying in private universities in the North.

The Study Sample
The sample was chosen by the stratified random method by analyzing the original population of the study sample, searching for the characteristics and proportions of each property in this population, and then random selection based on the characteristics of the original community. The number of the sample members reached about (293) married male and female students, as clarified in Table 1.

The Study Tool
The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data after reviewing the studies and researches, and the tool included (38) statement distributed on the dimensions of psychological compatibility, social compatibility, financial compatibility, compatibility with children, and family conflicts, where all the statements of the tool were formulated to reflect the degree of compatibility and compatibility of married couples.

The Validity of the Tool
The tool was presented to several arbitrators and specialists to ensure the validity; those who are well interested and expert in this study know their opinions regarding its suitability for the purpose that was prepared for. In light of their observations related to the language, the extent to which the statements belong to their domains, and their clarity, some omissions and additions were made until statements are in their last edition (39). The researcher also conducted the validation of construction by applying the scale on an exploratory sample consisting of (39) married male and female students and calculating corrected correlation coefficients for the statements of each dimension. Table 2 shows the fixed correlation coefficients' values for each dimension of the marital compatibility scale. It is noticed from Table 2 that the values of the statement's correlation coefficients of the personal compatibility dimension ranged between (0.49-0.78), while the social compatibility dimension ranged between (0.34-0.60), and in the financial compatibility dimension, the values of the statement's correlation coefficients ranged between (0.40-0.73). As for the dimension of compatibility with children, the statement correlation coefficients ranged between (0.36-0.73). Finally, the dimension of family problems ranged between (0.57-0.71). The correlation coefficients for the total scale ranged between (0.34 0.78), all of which are statistically significant values, at the level of significance 0.01 3.3.2 The Reliability of the Tool

Cronbach Alpha Method
To verify the tool's reliability, the researcher calculated the reliability coefficient using the internal consistency method according to the Cronbach Alpha equation, as it's clarified in the table below. As shown in Table 3, the reliability coefficients for each field and the overall degree of the scale are high, and the value of the total stability coefficient for the instrument expressions is (0.97 *). These values indicate the validity of the tool for application and the possibility of reliance on the research results and verification.

Halftone segmentation method:
Pearson correlation coefficient was found between the degree of single-rank statements and even-rank statements Considering that (R) the correlation coefficient and Table 4 show a relatively large coefficient of stability for the two scales' items. The marital compatibility scale includes (38) items in its current final form, to which it is answered with a quadruple scale that includes alternatives; (rarely) given when correcting the scale one degree; (Sometimes) given when correcting a scale two degrees; (Mostly) three scores, (always) four scores when corrected. Thus, the degrees of the overall scale ranged between (38-152). The dimensions were as follows: personal compatibility (11-44), social compatibility (6-24), financial compatibility (6-24), compatibility with children (8-32). And the dimension of family problems (7-28), where the higher the score, the higher the marital compatibility was. Procedures: The study tool was prepared in its final form after verifying its validity and reliability indicators and distributing it to married students in private universities in May/ 2020 through an electronic questionnaire on Google Drive. The respondents took (8) days to answer them, and they were assured that their participation is voluntary and that the data they will provide will be treated with complete confidentiality and will be used for scientific research purposes. After conducting the exploratory study, we found that the time taken by the survey sample members in their responses to the scale ranged between (30-45) minutes, and the answers were uploaded from the site to the SPSS program, then we applied the appropriate statistical treatments according to the (SPSS) program to answer the study questions.

Data Analysis
The averages and standard deviations were used in this study, where the t-test for gender differences and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between marital compatibility and the ACCUMULATIVE AVERAGE. One Way ANOVA was used to determine differences in family members' variables, monthly income, and duration of the marriage.

Results of the Study
The results of each question that the study tried to answer are as follows: The first question: what is the degree of marital compatibility for married students in Universities?
To answer this question, the arithmetic averages, standard deviations, and the relative weight of the marital compatibility level were extracted, which were discussed as follows: First: Display the dimensions in descending order.
Second: Presenting the statements according to the fields in descending order.
In light of the progressive scale of the study tool represented by the Marital Compatibility Questionnaire, and based on many previous studies (Abbas & Fateel, 2019;Harahsheh, 2019;Al-Naji, 1995) and consulting many specialists in measurement and evaluation, and to reveal the degree of marital compatibility among married students in private universities in the analysis of the fields and statements of the study, the researcher relied on considering that if the relative weight is less than (0.50%), It's considered low. If it ranges between (0.50%) and less than (70%), it is considered medium, and if it exceeds (0.70%) it is considered high.
First: Presenting the fields of study by extracting the arithmetic means and the relative weight in descending order, as it's shown in Table 5. Obviously, according to Table 5 that the level of all fields ranged between (57.75 -62%), all of which came with a moderate degree of compatibility, where the first dimension of "personal compatibility" came in first place with relative weight (62%), while the third dimension came. Financial compatibility "ranked last with relative weight (57.75%). According to Table 6, the level of compatibility in this dimension ranged between (52.50 -70.25%), and all the statements came with a moderate degree except for statement (2) "I understand my partner's feelings from his facial expressions," which came first in the personal dimension with relative weight. (70.25%) and with a high degree of compatibility. Statement (4) "I adopt the method of dialogue and discussion with my partner" came in the last place with relative weight (52.50%). The second dimension: social compatibility: According to Table 7, this dimension' level ranged between (50.50 -67.75%), where all the statements came with a moderate degree of compatibility. The statement (6) "manage my time in a way that allows me performing my family responsibilities" came first with relative weight (67.75%), while Statement (1) "Participate with my partner in social events" ranked last, with relative weight (50.50%). The third dimension: financial compatibility: According to Table 8, the level in this dimension ranged between (54.50 -68.25%), where all the statements came with a moderate degree of compatibility, and statement (1) "I and my partner were exposed to financial difficulties and were exceeded" ranked first with relative weight (68.25%), While statement (2) "I plan with my life partner where should we spend our money?" came last, with relative weight (54.50%). The fourth dimension: compatibility with children: According to Table 9, the level in this dimension ranged between (52.50 -69.50%), where all the statements came with a moderate degree of compatibility, and statement (2) "We are keen to satisfy the psychological needs of children" came at the first place with relative weight (69.50%) While statement (7) "I agree with my partner on the way to deal with children" came last, with relative weight (52.50%). The Fifth Dimension: Family conflicts: According to Table 10, this field's level ranged between (52.50 -71.75%), which indicates that all the statements came with a moderate and high degree of compatibility. Statement (4) came: "I am not satisfied with my partner's dealings with my family members" in First place with relative weight (71.75%) and a high level. Statement (1) "Annoyed that my partner spends most of his time outside the home" ranked second with relative weight (70.75%) and with a high degree, while statement (3) "I do not get The love and friendliness that I want from my life partner "ranked last, with relative weight (52.50%). The second question: What is the relationship between marital compatibility and the accumulative average of students? To answer this question, the Pearson correlation coefficient was extracted between students 'scores on the two measures of marital compatibility and the accumulative average of the study sample, as shown in Table 11.  Table 11 shows that the value of the correlation coefficient between marital compatibility and the accumulative average was (-0.103), which is a negative correlation that is not statistically significant at the level of significance (α <0.05).
The third question: Are there statistically significant differences in the level of marital compatibility among students due to the variable of gender (males, females)? To find out if there are differences in the level of the marital compatibility scale dimensions attributed to gender variable, use the (t) test, where Table 12 shows the averages, standard deviations, and (T) test' results.  Table 12 shows that the value of (t) for the marital compatibility scale was (2.125) with statistical significance (α <0.05). According to the table, it is evident that the average scores for females are higher than the average scores for males. In the social compatibility dimension, the value was (t = 2.342) with statistical significance (α <0.05).
As the table shows, females' average scores are higher than the average of males' scores. As for the dimension of family conflicts, it reached a value of (t = 2144) with a statistical significance (α <0.05). 0.05), and it is clear from the table that the average scores for females are higher than the average scores for males. Regarding the other dimensions, no significant differences were shown between the sexes.
The fourth question: Are there statistically significant differences in the degree of marital compatibility attributed to the variable of the number of family members?
To answer this question, One Way ANOVA was applied, as shown in Table 13.  Table 13 shows no statistically significant differences in the averages of the sample members 'estimates on the marital compatibility scale attributed to the variable of the number of family members.
The fifth question: Are there statistically significant differences in the degree of marital compatibility attributed to the variable of monthly income? To answer this question, we applied the One Way ANOVA, as it showed in Table 14.  Table 14 shows no statistically significant differences in the averages of the sample estimates on the marital compatibility scale attributed to the variable of monthly income.
The sixth question: Are there statistically significant differences in the degree of marital compatibility due to the variable of marriage duration?
To answer this question, One Way ANOVA was applied.  Table 15 shows no statistically significant differences in the averages of the sample estimates on the marital compatibility scale attributed to the variable of the duration of the marriage.

Discussion of the Results
The results showed that the level of marital compatibility for married student ranged between (57.75 -62%), and they were all positive and with a moderate degree of compatibility, as the researcher believes that this result is due to the presence of a level of emotional maturity and the ability to distinguish matters by controlling emotions and expressing them in a balanced manner, far from being reckless, because the couples who are socially and emotionally mature can positively interact and deal with others. According to the researcher's point of view, the degree of compatibility does not reach a high degree is a result of the multiplicity of married students' abilities to deal with the psychological pressures they are exposed to within the context of the study and the requirements of marital life that they are going through and addiction to work, the struggle between meeting the needs of their families and the requirements of university studies. Moreover, the work pressures of married couples do not end because it requires intellectual and physical abilities. This study's results agree with Abbas and Fateel's study (2019), which indicates that students have a medium level of psychological compatibility. It contradicts with the study of Sahu and Singh (2014) and the Sharman study (2007), which showed that the level of marital compatibility was high.
Furthermore, the results showed that there is a negative correlation between marital compatibility and the accumulative average, and this can be explained by the fact that the accumulative average is not affected only by compatibility, but there are other influencing factors such as motivation, enthusiasm, effort, and perseverance. Also, this result may be attributed to the fact that married students face many familial burdens imposed on them, which are characterized by the requirements of the family and children, work pressures among married people and the lack of management skills, and giving the body sufficient time to rest and relax, moreover, married student keep thinking about how to meet requirements of their families. The conflict they face regarding the needs of their families and fulfilling the requirements of university studies and their jobs.
The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences attributed to the gender variable and a statistical significance (α <0.05) in favor of females over males in the level of marital compatibility. The researcher attributes this result to the fact that males face many factors that help to decline their compatibility, including psychological, familial and social, and economic. The main reason may be the lack of understanding of the nature of the husband's tasks and his economic conditions. It should be noted that the familial burdens imposed on the married student keep him thinking remains how to fulfill the requirements of his family and provide them with the proper life within this difficult lifetime. Their feelings of negligence towards children and family play a role in increasing pressure on them, which will create psychological pressures for the married student, that will reflect negatively on their family in general and their marital compatibility in particular. This study contradicts the study of (Al-khatabeyh, 2015) and (Al'amoudy, 2001) since these studies indicate statistically significant differences in marital compatibility attributed to the gender variable and in favor of males over females. And Tawfiq's study (2015) indicated that there were no significant differences between husbands and wives.
The results also showed no differences in the level of marital compatibility attributed to variables of family members, monthly income, and the duration of the marriage. Where the researcher attributes this result to the fact that married students are individuals who chose their life partners without interference from family members, and that these married students have adapted their marital life to the lifestyle of the husband or wife, they are the most capable of achieving compatibility in marital relations.
This may also be due to the nature of the family upbringing within the Jordanian society, which makes them similar to behavioral and social norms. Therefore, their lives become mutual and easier, in addition to families' focus on creating feelings of sympathy in spouses and calming their tension and pressures they face. Consequently, a level of self-familial and academic regulation will be created inside them. This study's results are consistent with the (Al-khtabeyah, 2015) Study, which indicated that there are no differences in the level of marital compatibility due to the variable of family size. Al-Amoudi study (2001) indicated no statistically significant differences in marital compatibility due to the variable of monthly income. On the other hand, the same results contradict with the study of Al-khatabeyh (2015), in terms of the presence of differences in the level of compatibility due to the variable of monthly income in favor of those with high incomes, as well as, the study of Al-Amoudi (2001) which indicated the existence of statistically significant differences in marital compatibility due to the variable of the number of children and the duration of marriage variable.

Recommendations
Based on the results of the current study, several recommendations may be given:  Conduct training workshops to improve their performance and enhance marital compatibility.
 Provide moral and material support for married students to meet their needs and their personal and familial needs.
 Enhance the feeling of interacting positively with others and avoiding harmful familial and social activities that would disrupt marital relations.
 Conducting other studies similar to this study on married individuals from different environments and regions and considering new variables.